Colorado Concealed Carry Laws Overview

Colorado is a shall-issue state for concealed handgun permits (CHP), with permits issued at the county level by the local sheriff. Both the U.S. Constitution (Second Amendment) and the Colorado Constitution (Article II, § 13) protect the right to keep and bear arms, while federal, state, and local governments may regulate firearms consistent with constitutional protections.

Permit System

Colorado operates under a shall-issue concealed carry permit system. County sheriffs are required to issue permits to applicants who meet all statutory criteria under C.R.S. § 18-12-203. A concealed handgun permit authorizes the permittee to carry a concealed handgun throughout the state, except in places prohibited by state or local law (C.R.S. § 18-12-214).

Key Eligibility Requirements

To obtain a concealed handgun permit, an applicant must (C.R.S. § 18-12-203(1)):

• Be a legal resident of the state of Colorado
• Be 21 years of age or older
• Not be ineligible to possess a firearm pursuant to state or federal law
• Not have been convicted of perjury in relation to information provided or deliberately omitted on a permit application
• Not chronically and habitually use alcoholic beverages to the extent that normal faculties are impaired
• Not be an unlawful user of or addicted to a controlled substance, including marijuana
• Not be subject to a protection order, including an extreme risk protection order (ERPO)
• Demonstrate competence with a handgun through approved methods

Demonstrating Handgun Competence

Applicants may demonstrate competence through:

• Certification as a firearms safety instructor
• Participation in organized shooting competitions
• Current military service
• Current certification as a peace officer
• Certain prior military or law enforcement service
• Completion of a concealed handgun training class

Training Class Changes (HB24-1174 - Effective July 1, 2025)

HB24-1174, signed by the Governor on June 4, 2024, significantly updated training requirements:

Initial Training Class Requirements (effective July 1, 2025):

• Must be completed within one year before submitting an application (reduced from 10 years)
• Must be held in person
• Must be taught by a county sheriff-verified instructor or be a law enforcement training firearms safety course
• Must provide at least 8 hours of instruction, including a live-fire exercise and written exam
• Must include instruction on:
  • Knowledge and safe handling of firearms and ammunition
  • Safe storage of firearms and child safety
  • Safe shooting fundamentals
  • Federal and state laws pertaining to lawful purchase, ownership, transportation, use, and possession of firearms
  • State law pertaining to the use of deadly force for self-defense
  • Best practices for safely interacting with law enforcement responding to an emergency
  • Techniques for avoiding a criminal attack and managing a violent confrontation, including conflict resolution and judgmental use of lethal force
• Students must achieve a passing score on both a written concealed handgun competency exam and a live-fire exercise

Renewal Training Requirements (effective July 1, 2025):

• Renewal applicants must now demonstrate competence with a handgun
• Options include: organized shooting competitions, current military service, current peace officer certification, being a verified instructor, honorable discharge from the U.S. armed forces or retirement from a Colorado law enforcement agency with pistol qualifications within 10 years, or completing an initial or refresher training class within 6 months before submitting a renewal form
• Refresher class must be at least 2 hours, held in person, taught by a verified instructor, include instruction on changes to firearms laws, and require passing a live-fire exercise and written exam

Instructor Verification:

• County sheriffs must verify training instructors whose principal place of business is in the sheriff's county
• Verified instructors must hold a valid concealed carry permit and be certified by a law enforcement agency, college/university, nationally recognized organization, or firearms training school
• Falsely claiming to be a verified instructor constitutes a deceptive trade practice

Additional Disqualification (effective August 7, 2024):

• A person convicted of certain misdemeanor offenses within 5 years before submitting a permit application is prohibited from being issued a permit

Permit Duration and Renewal

• Permits are valid for 5 years (C.R.S. § 18-12-211)
• Renewal may be submitted within 120 days prior to expiration and no later than 6 months after expiration

Fees

• New permit: Maximum $100 (C.R.S. § 18-12-205(2)(b))
• Renewal: Maximum $50 (C.R.S. § 18-12-211(1))
• These fees are in addition to the cost of a background check, the amount of which is set by the Colorado Bureau of Investigation

Sheriff's Discretion

A sheriff may deny, revoke, suspend, or refuse to renew a permit if the sheriff has a reasonable belief that the applicant or permittee does not meet the criteria for a permit, or that documented previous behavior by the applicant makes it likely the applicant will present a danger to self or others (C.R.S. § 18-12-203(2) and (3)).

Carrying Requirements

• The permit and a valid photo identification must be carried with the handgun at all times
• A permit is not required when a handgun is carried in a private automobile or other private means of conveyance (C.R.S. § 18-12-105(2))
• Carrying a concealed weapon in public without a permit is a class 1 misdemeanor (C.R.S. § 18-12-105)

Open Carry

• Generally, state law does not prohibit openly carrying a firearm in public (C.R.S. § 29-11.7-104)
• However, local governments may prohibit open carry in a building or specific area within their jurisdiction, with posted signage required
• Open carry is prohibited in certain specific locations (see prohibited places below)

Places Where Carrying Firearms Is Prohibited

• Schools: Licensed child care centers; public or private elementary, middle, junior high, high, or vocational schools; public or private colleges, universities, or seminaries (class 1 misdemeanor) - C.R.S. § 18-12-105.5
• Government buildings: State legislative buildings (including elected members' offices); local government governing body buildings; courthouses and buildings used for court proceedings (class 1 misdemeanor) - C.R.S. § 18-12-105.3. A local government may enact a law permitting carry at local government buildings.
• Election locations: Polling locations, within 100 feet of a ballot drop box on election day, and within/near central count facilities during election activities - C.R.S. § 1-13-724
• Local government restricted areas: Local governments may prohibit concealed carry in buildings or specific areas with posted signage, but may not impose criminal penalties for violations (C.R.S. § 18-12-214(1)(c))

Vehicle Carry

• Colorado allows a person to carry a firearm in a vehicle for lawful protection of person or property (C.R.S. § 18-12-105(2))
• A handgun in a vehicle is not considered concealed and does not require a permit
• Under Title 33, firearms other than pistols or revolvers must have the chamber unloaded when in or on a motor vehicle
• Local jurisdictions may not restrict a person's ability to travel with a weapon in a private automobile (C.R.S. § 18-12-105.6)

Local Government Authority

• Local governments may enact laws governing or prohibiting the sale, purchase, transfer, or possession of firearms, ammunition, or firearm components (C.R.S. § 29-11.7-103)
• Local laws may not be less restrictive than state law
• Local governments may regulate open or concealed carry in buildings or specific areas within their jurisdiction
• Local governments cannot restrict travel with a weapon in a private vehicle (C.R.S. § 18-12-105.6)

Other Notable Colorado Firearms Laws

• No gun registration: Colorado prohibits gun registration (C.R.S. § 29-11.7-102)
• Minimum age to own a firearm: 18 years old, with no state or federal prohibitions
• Minimum age to purchase a firearm: 21 years old (C.R.S. §§ 18-12-112 and 18-12-112.5)
• Large-capacity magazine ban: Prohibits sale, transfer, and possession of magazines capable of accepting more than 15 rounds of ammunition (C.R.S. § 18-12-301 et seq.)
• Background checks: Required for all firearm transfers, including private sales (C.R.S. §§ 18-12-112 and 18-12-112.5)
• Waiting period: Minimum 3 days or until background check approval is obtained, whichever is longer (C.R.S. § 18-12-115)
• Safe storage: Required when not in use to prevent access by unsupervised juveniles and unauthorized users; failure is a class 2 misdemeanor (C.R.S. § 18-12-114)
• Vehicle storage: Firearms in unattended vehicles must be in locked containers within locked vehicles (C.R.S. § 18-12-114.5)
• Lost/stolen reporting: Must report within 5 days of discovery (C.R.S. § 18-12-113)
• Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPO): Available under Article 14.5 of Title 13, C.R.S.
• Ghost guns: Prohibited - unserialized frames/receivers and home manufacture of firearms without a federal manufacturer's license are unlawful (C.R.S. § 18-12-111.5)

Specified Semiautomatic Firearms (SB25-003 - Effective August 1, 2026)

Signed by the Governor on April 10, 2025, SB25-003 prohibits the manufacture, distribution, transfer, sale, and purchase of "specified semiautomatic firearms" (semiautomatic rifles or shotguns with detachable magazines, or gas-operated semiautomatic handguns with detachable magazines) beginning August 1, 2026. Exceptions exist for persons who complete required firearms safety courses, law enforcement, military, and other specified categories. Violations are a class 2 misdemeanor (class 6 felony for second or subsequent offenses).

Reciprocity

Colorado's concealed carry permit is recognized by some other states. Permit holders should verify current reciprocity agreements before traveling. The Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA) permits nationwide concealed carry by qualified current and retired law enforcement officers.

Key Statutes

Note: This overview is based on Colorado law as of early 2025, including HB24-1174 (signed June 4, 2024, with portions effective August 7, 2024 and July 1, 2025) and SB25-003 (signed April 10, 2025, with key provisions effective August 1, 2026). Colorado firearms law is subject to ongoing legislative changes and local government regulations. Consult the full Colorado Revised Statutes and your local sheriff's office for the most current requirements.

Colorado Concealed Carry Permit Basics

Issuing Authority

Concealed Handgun Permits (CHP) are issued by the Sheriff of the county in which the applicant resides. [C.R.S. 18-12-203]

Permit Type

Colorado issues a statewide concealed handgun permit. The law enabling statewide permits took effect May 18, 2003.

Age Requirement

Applicants must be 21 years of age at the time of application.

Residency Requirement

• Applicants must be a resident of the State of Colorado to apply for a CHP.
• Applications must be submitted in the county of residence.
• If an applicant has a permit from another county and moves, they must renew in their new county of residence.
• Active-duty military stationed in Colorado on duty orders may apply without a Colorado Driver's License by providing current state ID, duty orders, and proof of address (utility bill, lease, etc.).
• Applicants who maintain a secondary residence or own/lease real property used in a business in another county may be eligible to apply there.

Required Documents for New Permit Application

• Completed new permit application form
• Colorado Driver's License (digital copies not accepted; address must be current)
• Proof of firearms training/competence (see Training Requirements below)
• Addresses for the past 10 years

Training Requirements (Effective July 1, 2025 - per HB24-1174)

New Permit Applicants

Applicants must demonstrate competence with a handgun through one of the following:

1. Completion of an initial concealed handgun training class within 1 year before submitting the application. The class must:

   • Be taught in person by a verified instructor (verified by a county sheriff) or be a law enforcement training firearms safety course
   • Include at least 8 hours of instruction, including live-fire exercise and written exam
   • Cover the following topics:
     • Knowledge and safe handling of firearms and ammunition
     • Safe storage of firearms and child safety
     • Safe shooting fundamentals
     • Federal and state laws pertaining to lawful purchase, ownership, transportation, use, and possession of firearms
     • State law pertaining to the use of deadly force for self-defense
     • Best practices for safely interacting with law enforcement responding to an emergency
     • Techniques for avoiding a criminal attack and managing a violent confrontation, including conflict resolution and judgmental use of lethal force
   • Require a passing score on both a written concealed handgun competency exam and a live-fire exercise
   • Online classes are not acceptable

2. Honorable discharge from a branch of the U.S. Armed Forces within 3 years preceding the application

3. Honorable discharge from a branch of the U.S. Armed Forces with pistol qualifications obtained within 10 years preceding the application

4. Current certification as a peace officer (pursuant to Article 2.5 of Title 16)

5. Evidence of being a verified instructor at the time of application

6. Evidence of experience with a firearm through participation in organized shooting competitions or current military service

7. Certificate showing retirement from a Colorado Law Enforcement Agency with pistol qualifications within 10 years preceding the application

Renewal Applicants (Effective July 1, 2025)

Beginning July 1, 2025, renewal applicants must also demonstrate competence with a handgun through one of the following:

1. Completion of a concealed handgun refresher class within 6 months before submitting the renewal application. The refresher class must:

   • Be held in person
   • Be taught by a verified instructor
   • Include instruction on changes to laws related to firearms
   • Require a passing score on a live-fire exercise and written exam
   • Provide at least 2 hours of instruction (including live-fire and written exam)
   • Alternatively, an 8-hour initial training class completed within 6 months is also acceptable for renewal

2. Participation in organized shooting competitions

3. Current military service

4. Current certification as a peace officer

5. Being a verified instructor for firearms safety courses

6. Honorable discharge from a branch of the U.S. Armed Forces with pistol qualifications within 10 years prior to submitting the renewal

7. Retirement from a Colorado law enforcement agency with pistol qualifications within 10 years prior to submitting the renewal

Verified Instructor Requirements (per HB24-1174)

County sheriffs must verify training instructors whose principal place of business for firearms training is in the sheriff's county. To be verified, a person must:

• Hold a valid concealed carry permit
• Be certified as a firearms instructor by a law enforcement agency, college or university, nationally recognized organization that customarily offers firearms training, or firearms training school
• Denial, suspension, or revocation of instructor verification is subject to judicial review
• It is a deceptive trade practice to claim to be a verified instructor without sheriff verification

Disqualifying Factors

• Persons with state or federal prohibitions on firearm possession are ineligible
• Per HB24-1174, a person is prohibited from being issued a permit if convicted of certain misdemeanor offenses within 5 years before submitting the application
• Must not have any state or federal prohibitions to own a firearm [C.R.S. referenced via CBI state and federal firearm prohibitors]

Fees (Example: Arapahoe County)

Note: Fees may vary by county. Consult your local Sheriff's Department for specific fee schedules. The Colorado Department of Public Safety directs applicants to the CBI website for current CHP fees.

Processing Time

By law, the sheriff has 90 days from receipt of the application to perform a background check and either approve or deny the request for a concealed handgun permit.

Permit Duration & Renewal

• Renewal applications may be submitted no more than 120 days prior to the expiration date
• No permit shall be renewed 6 months or more after its expiration date; the permit is deemed permanently expired after that point
• Renewals after July 1, 2025 are subject to the new training requirements per HB24-1174 with no grace period

Carry Requirements

• The permit and a valid photo identification must be carried with the handgun at all times [C.R.S. 18-12-203]
• A permit is not required when a handgun is carried in a private automobile or other private transportation - the handgun is not considered concealed in this context [C.R.S. 18-12-105(2)]

Additional Key Provisions

• Colorado does not require firearm registration [C.R.S. 29-11.7-102]
• Colorado allows a person to carry a firearm in a vehicle for lawful protection of person or property [C.R.S. 18-12-105(2)]
• A person may possess a handgun in a dwelling, place of business, or automobile; however, when carried into a home, business, hotel room, etc., it must be in plain view [C.R.S. 18-12-105.6]
• Local jurisdictions may not enact laws that restrict a person's ability to travel with a weapon [C.R.S. 18-12-105.6]
• Open carry is regulated by local county and municipal authorities
• Large-capacity magazine sale, transfer, and possession is prohibited [HB 13-1224]; unlawful sale, transfer, or possession is a class 1 misdemeanor (as amended by SB25-003)

Recent Legislative Changes

HB24-1174 - Concealed Carry Permits & Training

• Signed by Governor: June 4, 2024
• Portions effective: August 7, 2024
• Portions effective: July 1, 2025
• Establishes new minimum standards for concealed handgun training classes
• Reduces training certificate validity from 10 years to 1 year for new applications
• Requires renewal applicants to demonstrate competence (previously not required)
• Establishes the verified instructor system through county sheriffs
• Adds disqualification for certain misdemeanor convictions within 5 years

SB25-003 - Semiautomatic Firearms & Rapid-Fire Devices

• Signed by Governor: April 10, 2025
• Effective: April 10, 2025 (with prohibition on specified semiautomatic firearms effective August 1, 2026)
• Prohibits manufacture, distribution, transfer, sale, and purchase of specified semiautomatic firearms (with exceptions including completion of required firearms safety courses)
• Classifies rapid-fire devices as dangerous weapons
• Makes unlawful sale/transfer/possession of large-capacity magazines a class 1 misdemeanor

Colorado Concealed Carry Laws

Overview

Colorado is a shall-issue state for concealed handgun permits (CHPs). A permit is required to carry a concealed handgun on one's person in public. The concealed carry permit system is governed primarily by C.R.S. Title 18, Article 12, Part 2 (sections 18-12-201 through 18-12-214).

Permit Requirement

Carrying a concealed firearm without a valid permit is a criminal offense under C.R.S. 18-12-105. As amended by recent legislation, unlawfully carrying a concealed weapon is a class 1 misdemeanor.

When a Permit Is NOT Required

Under C.R.S. 18-12-105(2), it is not an offense to carry a concealed weapon if the person is:

• In his or her own dwelling or place of business, or on property owned or under his or her control
• In a private automobile or other private means of conveyance carrying a weapon for lawful protection of such person's or another's person or property while traveling [C.R.S. 18-12-105(2)(b)]
• A peace officer as described in C.R.S. 16-2.5-101, carrying in conformance with employing agency policy
• A United States probation officer or pretrial services officer while on duty in Colorado
• A holder of a valid concealed handgun permit or temporary emergency permit issued pursuant to Part 2 of Article 12

Key Note: A permit is not required and a handgun is not considered concealed when a person is in a private automobile or other private transportation. [C.R.S. 18-12-105(2)]

Issuing Authority

Concealed handgun permits are issued by the Sheriff of the county in which the applicant:

• Resides, OR
• Maintains a secondary residence, OR
• Owns or leases real property used by the applicant in a business, OR
• Previously received a permit from that Sheriff

[C.R.S. 18-12-203]

Eligibility Requirements

Applicants must meet the requirements specified in C.R.S. 18-12-203(1). The application form requires disclosure of the following disqualifying factors:

1. Treatment for alcoholism within the past ten years or involuntary commitment as an alcoholic
2. Two or more alcohol-related convictions within the past ten years
3. Conviction of perjury under C.R.S. 18-8-503
4. Currently subject to a criminal or civil restraining order
5. Under indictment or information for a felony or any crime punishable by more than one year imprisonment
6. Conviction of a felony, attempt or conspiracy to commit a felony, or any crime punishable by more than one year imprisonment
7. Being a fugitive from justice
8. Unlawful use of or addiction to marijuana or any controlled substance
9. Adjudication as mentally defective or commitment to a mental institution
10. Conviction of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence (as defined in federal regulations)
11. Adjudication as a juvenile for a crime that would constitute a felony if committed by an adult
12. Dishonorable discharge from the Armed Forces
13. Renunciation of United States citizenship
14. Alien or non-citizen status (supplemental form required)

Residency Requirement

• Applicants must be Colorado residents with a Colorado driver's license or identification card to establish residency
• A home in Colorado with an out-of-state driver's license does not qualify
• Business owners may apply in the county where they own a business (with proof of ownership)
• Non-residents of Colorado generally cannot obtain a Colorado CHP (Pennsylvania's reciprocity document confirms Colorado does not allow non-resident applications)

Application Process

1. Complete the application - must be printed in ink or typed and completed in full
2. Submit in person to the Sheriff's office - the applicant must sign the completed application under sworn oath that the information is true and correct
3. Provide required documents:
   • Completed application form
   • Proof of residency (Colorado Driver's License, Colorado ID Card, or Military ID Card with Duty Orders)
   • Documentary evidence of handgun competence per C.R.S. 18-12-203(1)(h)
   • Two completed fingerprint cards (fingerprints typically taken at time of application)
   • Color photograph (typically taken by the Sheriff's office)
   • Processing fee

Training Requirements

HB 24-1174 (Effective July 1, 2025)

House Bill 24-1174 established new standardized training requirements for concealed handgun permits. Key provisions:

• Establishes standards for concealed handgun training classes
• Requires an 8-hour Concealed Handgun Safety class
• Creates a Verified Instructor program - each county Sheriff's office maintains a list of verified instructors authorized to teach CHP courses
• Applies to all new and renewal applicants - there is no grace period or exception
• Original training certificate or documentation must be submitted with the application

Training must demonstrate competence with a handgun as specified in C.R.S. 18-12-203(1)(h).

Fees

Fees vary by county. Example from Morgan County:

• New applications: $152.50
• Renewals: $38.00
• Payment methods accepted vary by county (cash, cashier's check, check, money order, credit card with service fee)
• Fees cover forms, ID cards, local criminal history checks, state and national criminal history checks (fingerprints), NICS check, and other administrative costs

The Colorado Department of Public Safety directs applicants to the CBI website for current statewide CHP fee schedules.

Permit Duration and Renewal

• Permits are renewable through the issuing Sheriff's office
• Renewal applicants must comply with the new training requirements under HB 24-1174 (effective July 1, 2025)
• Renewal applications require a reduced fee compared to new applications

Carrying Restrictions - Where Concealed Carry Is Prohibited

Under C.R.S. 18-12-214, a concealed handgun permit does not authorize carrying in the following locations:

Prohibited Locations

1. Public elementary, middle, junior high, or high schools - on the real property or in any improvements thereon [C.R.S. 18-12-214(3)]
2. Licensed child care centers - as defined in C.R.S. 26.5-5-303(3) (does not include family child care homes)
3. Public or private colleges, universities, or seminaries - if prohibited by the governing board, or in violation of C.R.S. 18-12-105.5
4. Parking areas of licensed child care centers or public/private colleges, universities, or seminaries
5. Government buildings - in violation of C.R.S. 18-12-105.3
6. Polling locations, drop boxes, or central count facilities - in violation of C.R.S. 1-13-724
7. General Assembly buildings - carrying firearms without legal authority in buildings housing chambers, galleries, or offices of the general assembly [C.R.S. 18-12-105(1)(c)]
8. Places prohibited by federal law

Exceptions to Prohibited Locations

• Security personnel employed or retained by a licensed child care center or college/university/seminary may carry while engaged in official duties
• If a licensed child care center shares real estate with another building open to the public, carrying is permitted on areas not designated as the child care center
• Educational programs approved by a school (including weapon repair/maintenance courses)

Polling Location Restrictions (C.R.S. 1-13-724)

• It is unlawful to openly carry a firearm within any polling location, within 100 feet of a drop box, or within 100 feet of any building containing a polling location on election day or during voting periods
• Same restrictions apply to central count facilities during active election administration
• Signs must be posted notifying persons of the 100-foot no open carry zone

Carrying in Vehicles

Colorado law allows a person to carry a firearm in a vehicle if its use is for lawful protection of such person's or another's person or property. [C.R.S. 18-12-105(2)]

• A handgun is not considered concealed when carried in a private automobile or other private transportation
• Local jurisdictions may not enact laws that restrict a person's ability to travel with a weapon [C.R.S. 18-12-105.6]
• When carrying a weapon into a home, business, or hotel room, it must be in plain view

Open Carry

Open carry of firearms is regulated by local county and municipal authorities. There is no statewide preemption for open carry. Individuals should check local municipal codes for specific restrictions.

Permit Carry Requirements

When carrying concealed with a permit:

• The permit and valid photo identification must be carried with the handgun at all times [C.R.S. 18-12-203; Colorado State Patrol guidance]

Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA)

The federal Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act permits nationwide carrying of concealed handguns by qualified current and retired law enforcement officers, exempting them from state and local concealed carry prohibitions. Colorado has specific application processes for retired/separated law enforcement officers.

Perjury and False Statements

An applicant who knowingly and intentionally makes a false or misleading statement on a permit application or deliberately omits material information commits perjury under C.R.S. 18-8-503. Upon conviction:

• Punishment as provided in C.R.S. 18-1.3-501
• Denial of the right to obtain or possess a permit
• Revocation of any previously issued permit

Magazine Restrictions

House Bill 13-1224 prohibits the sale, transfer, and possession of "large-capacity ammunition magazines" in Colorado. This applies to concealed carry permit holders as well.

Firearms in National Forests and National Parks

• National Forests: Firearms may be carried while visiting National Forests in Colorado, subject to state laws and federal regulations (36 CFR 261.10(d)) restricting discharge within 150 yards of residences, campsites, developed recreation sites, across roads, or into caves
• National Parks: Per 16 USC 1a-7b, a person may possess a firearm in a national park if possession complies with Colorado state law. Firearms are prohibited in federal facilities (visitor centers, administrative offices) per 18 USC 930

Reciprocity

Colorado has reciprocity agreements with certain states. Ohio's Attorney General office lists a Colorado Concealed Carry Reciprocity Agreement. Pennsylvania's reciprocity summary indicates that Colorado does not allow Pennsylvania residents to apply for a Colorado CHP (residents-only state). Permit holders should verify current reciprocity status with specific states before traveling.

Recent and Notable Legislation

HB 24-1174 (Effective July 1, 2025)

• Establishes new standardized training requirements for concealed handgun permits
• Creates verified instructor programs at the county level
• Applies to all new and renewal applicants with no grace period

2024 Legislation (Effective July 1, 2024)

• Reclassified unlawful concealed carry from a class 2 misdemeanor to a class 1 misdemeanor
• Expanded prohibited locations to include licensed child care centers, private colleges/universities/seminaries
• Added government building restrictions (C.R.S. 18-12-105.3)
• Added polling location/drop box/central count facility restrictions
• Added parking area restrictions at child care centers and colleges/universities

SB 18-097 (2018 Session - Did Not Pass)

• Proposed allowing concealed carry without a permit (constitutional carry)
• Would have preserved restrictions on carrying at public schools
• This bill was introduced but did not become law

HCR 23-1003 (2023 Session - Resolution)

• Proposed constitutional amendment for constitutional concealed carry
• Would have amended Section 13 of Article II of the Colorado Constitution
• This resolution was introduced but did not advance

Key Statutes Reference

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Federal context

N.Y. State Rifle & Pistol Ass'n v. Bruen (2022). Bruen, 597 U.S. 1 (2022), eliminated "proper cause" / "good cause" discretionary CCW frameworks and required states to apply objective issuance criteria. The decision converted formerly may-issue states to shall-issue. States that were already shall-issue or permitless before Bruen experience the case primarily through its broader historical-tradition test for evaluating subsequent Second Amendment claims.

Open Carry Laws in Colorado

General Legal Status

Colorado is generally an open carry state at the state level. There is no state statute that broadly prohibits the open carrying of firearms. To lawfully possess a firearm in Colorado, a person must be at least 18 years old and must not have any state or federal prohibitions [C.R.S. 18-12-108; see also Colorado Department of Public Safety firearms FAQ].

However, open carry is significantly regulated by local authorities and restricted in certain sensitive locations by state law.

Local Regulation of Open Carry

According to the Colorado Department of Public Safety:

"The actual open carrying of firearms is regulated by local county and municipal authorities. Confirmation of open carry municipal code restrictions would have to be done with those local authorities."

This means that individual cities and counties may enact their own restrictions or prohibitions on open carry. Most city municipal codes are posted online for public review. Persons wishing to open carry should verify the specific rules of the municipality or county they are in.

Notable local restrictions include:

• City and County of Denver - Has historically prohibited the open carry of firearms within city limits.
• City of Brighton - Municipal Code Sec. 9-32-10 makes it "unlawful for any person to open or openly carry any firearm in or upon any public building or specific area within the City." "Public building" is defined as any structure, facility, site, or enclosed area owned, operated, or leased by the City. "Specific area" includes all recreational facilities, sports complexes, swimming pools, tennis courts, skate parks, basketball courts, pedestrian and bicycle paths, public trails, picnic facilities, lawns, gardens, parks, and open space owned, operated, or leased by the City. Brighton also defines a "concealed handgun" as one "carried in such a manner so as to be completely concealed from the view of another," meaning any handgun visible "in whole or in part and for any length of time" is deemed openly carried.

Local governments that prohibit open carry of firearms in a building or specific area must post signs at public entrances informing persons that open carry is prohibited [C.R.S. 29-11.7-104(1)].

State Preemption Limitations

Colorado's preemption framework for firearms regulation is nuanced:

• C.R.S. 29-11.7-102 - Prohibits gun registration by the state or any political subdivision.
• C.R.S. 29-11.7-103 - Restricts local regulation of the type of firearm a person may possess.
• C.R.S. 29-11.7-104 - Allows local governments to enact ordinances prohibiting open carry of firearms in buildings or specific areas within their jurisdiction, provided signs are posted at public entrances.
• C.R.S. 18-12-105.6 - Provides that local jurisdictions may not enact laws that restrict a person's ability to travel with a weapon. This preemption applies specifically to traveling with firearms and does not prevent local governments from regulating the open carrying of firearms in their jurisdictions.

Pending legislation: A bill has been introduced (amending C.R.S. 29-11.7-104) that would limit local governments to prohibiting open carry of firearms other than handguns, and would explicitly state that local governments do not have authority to prohibit open carrying of a handgun. If enacted, this would significantly expand open carry rights by preventing municipal handgun bans. Persons should verify the current status of this legislation.

Sensitive Spaces - Prohibited Locations (SB24-131)

Effective July 1, 2024, SB24-131 ("Prohibiting Carrying Firearms in Sensitive Spaces," Session Laws Ch. 301) significantly expanded the locations where carrying firearms is prohibited. For government buildings and educational facilities, the act prohibits carrying firearms both openly and concealed, and violations are a class 1 misdemeanor. The act also amended the existing polling location restrictions under C.R.S. 1-13-724, though those restrictions remain limited to open carry (see below).

Government Buildings (including adjacent parking areas):

• State legislative buildings, including buildings where offices of elected members are located
• Local government governing body buildings, including buildings where offices of elected members or the chief executive officer are located
• Courthouses or other buildings used for court proceedings

Exceptions for government buildings include:

• Law enforcement officers
• Members of the U.S. armed forces or Colorado National Guard
• Security personnel as described in C.R.S. 24-33.5-216.7(5)
• Persons carrying as part of lawful and common practices of a legal proceeding
• Concealed carry permit holders carrying a concealed handgun in an adjacent parking area only
• A local government may enact a law permitting carrying at its own local government building

Educational Facilities:

• Licensed child care centers (other than family child care homes, as defined in C.R.S. 26.5-5-303(7)) operating with stated educational purposes, licensed by the Department of Early Childhood or exempt from licensing under C.R.S. 26.5-5-304(1)(b)
• Public or private elementary, middle, junior high, high, or vocational schools
• Public or private colleges, universities, or seminaries

Note: Separate from SB24-131, C.R.S. 18-12-105.5 also addresses unlawful carrying and possession of weapons on school, college, or university grounds.

Exceptions for educational facilities include:

• Existing exceptions in law for carrying on public K-12 school property [per C.R.S. 18-12-214(3)]
• Concealed carry permit holders carrying in the parking area of a licensed child care center or higher education institution
• Security personnel employed or retained by a licensed child care center or higher education institution, while engaged in official duties
• Licensed child care centers co-located with other buildings open to the public - carrying is permitted on areas of real estate or improvements not designated as the child care center
• Persons possessing a weapon for use in an educational program approved by a school (including courses designed for repair or maintenance of weapons)

Polling Locations and Election Facilities:

• Any polling location or central count facility
• Within 100 feet of a ballot drop box or any building containing a polling location or central count facility while an election or related election administration activity is in progress
• The designated election official must visibly place signs notifying persons of the 100-foot no open carry zone

Important: The prohibition at polling locations and election facilities under C.R.S. 1-13-724 (originally enacted by HB22-1086, the "Vote Without Fear Act") applies specifically to openly carrying a firearm. Unlike the government buildings and educational facilities provisions above, this section was not expanded to cover concealed carry. SB24-131's amendments to C.R.S. 1-13-724 added security personnel described in C.R.S. 24-33.5-216.7(5) to the list of exceptions and updated legislative declaration language, but retained the "openly carry" scope of the prohibition in subsections (3)(a) and (3)(b).

Penalties for violations at polling locations (per HB22-1086 as amended):

• First offense: Fine not exceeding $250, imprisonment not exceeding 120 days, or both
• Subsequent offenses: Fine not exceeding $1,000, imprisonment not exceeding 364 days, or both

Exceptions at polling locations include:

• A person who owns private property within the 100-foot buffer zone, while on their property or traveling directly between their property and a place outside the buffer zone
• Uniformed security guards employed by a contract security agency (as defined in C.R.S. 24-33.5-415.4) acting within the scope of their contractual duties
• Security personnel described in C.R.S. 24-33.5-216.7(5) while engaged in official duties

Federal Constitutional Context (NYSRPA v. Bruen, 2022)

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen, 597 U.S. ___ (2022), affirmed that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to carry firearms in public for self-defense. The Court held that firearms regulations must be consistent with the historical tradition of firearm regulation in America.

Significantly, the Court noted a historical consensus that States could not altogether prohibit the public carry of arms. The Court observed that antebellum courts consistently held that concealed-carry prohibitions were constitutional only if they did not similarly prohibit open carry. As the Court stated: "[T]hese antebellum state-court decisions evince a consensus view that States could not altogether prohibit the public carry of 'arms' protected by the Second Amendment." This historical analysis supports the view that open carry enjoys strong constitutional protection, even as concealed carry may be regulated.

Carrying Firearms in Vehicles

Colorado law allows a person to carry a firearm in a vehicle if its use is for lawful protection of such person or another's person or property [C.R.S. 18-12-105(2)]. A handgun is not considered concealed when a person is in a private automobile or other private transportation [C.R.S. 18-12-105(2)].

Under Title 33 (wildlife laws), it is unlawful to possess any firearm other than a pistol or revolver in or on a motor vehicle unless the chamber is unloaded [C.R.S. 33-6-125].

Carrying in National Forests

Open carry is permitted in Colorado National Forests, subject to both state laws and federal regulations. A firearm may not be discharged in the following areas:

• Within 150 yards of a residence, building, campsite, developed recreation site, or occupied area
• Across or on a Forest Development road or adjacent body of water, or in any manner whereby any person or property is exposed to injury or damage
• Into or within any cave [36 CFR 261.10(d)]

Some forests or districts have additional restrictions on discharging a firearm. Check with local forest authorities before visiting.

Carrying in National Parks

Per 16 USC 1a-7b, a person may possess a firearm in any national park if such possession complies with the laws of the state in which the park is located. Colorado's state laws therefore apply in Colorado national parks.

However, firearms are prohibited in federal facilities - defined as buildings or parts thereof owned or leased by the Federal Government where federal employees are regularly present for official duties. In national parks, such facilities may include visitor centers, administrative offices, and maintenance buildings, and will be clearly marked with signs at all public entrances [18 USC 930].

No State Registration Requirement

Colorado prohibits gun registration [C.R.S. 29-11.7-102].

Related Firearms Regulations Affecting Open Carry

Several additional Colorado statutes may affect persons who open carry:

• C.R.S. 18-12-106 - Prohibited use of weapons: Establishes offenses related to the use of firearms, including reckless or illegal discharge.
• C.R.S. 18-12-108 - Possession by previous offenders: Prohibits firearm possession by convicted felons and certain other prohibited persons.
• C.R.S. 18-12-108.5 - Possession by juveniles: Prohibits firearm possession by juveniles with specified exceptions.
• C.R.S. 18-12-113 - Failure to report lost or stolen firearm: Requires reporting of lost or stolen firearms.
• C.R.S. 18-12-114 - Secure firearm storage: Requires secure storage of firearms under specified circumstances.
• C.R.S. 18-12-115 - Waiting period for firearm sales: Establishes a waiting period for firearm purchases.
• HB 13-1224 - Large-capacity magazines: Prohibits the sale, transfer, and possession of large-capacity ammunition magazines.

Recent Legislation

SB25-003 ("Semiautomatic Firearms & Rapid-Fire Devices"), signed by the Governor on April 10, 2025, prohibits the manufacture, distribution, transfer, sale, and purchase of specified semiautomatic firearms on or after August 1, 2026, with certain exceptions including completion of required firearms safety courses. This law does not directly change open carry rules but affects the types of firearms that may be lawfully acquired going forward.

Key Statutes

Constitutional Carry in Colorado

Current Status: Colorado Does NOT Have Constitutional Carry

Colorado does not have constitutional carry (also known as permitless carry). A concealed carry permit is required to legally carry a concealed handgun in the state. Under C.R.S. § 18-12-105, carrying a concealed firearm on or about one's person without a valid permit is a Class 1 misdemeanor (reclassified from Class 2 by SB 24-131, eff. July 1, 2024).

Statutory Framework

Under C.R.S. § 18-12-105(1)(b), a person commits a Class 1 misdemeanor (reclassified from Class 2 by SB 24-131, eff. July 1, 2024) if they knowingly and unlawfully carry a firearm concealed on or about their person.

Exceptions to the concealed carry prohibition (where it is not an offense) include:

• C.R.S. § 18-12-105(2)(a): A person in their own dwelling, place of business, or on property owned or under their control
• C.R.S. § 18-12-105(2)(b): A person in a private automobile or other private means of conveyance carrying a weapon for lawful protection of their person or property while traveling
• C.R.S. § 18-12-105(2)(c): A person who holds a valid permit to carry a concealed handgun or a temporary emergency permit issued pursuant to Part 2 of Article 12
• C.R.S. § 18-12-105(2)(d): Peace officers carrying in conformance with employing agency policy
• C.R.S. § 18-12-105(2)(f): United States probation officers or pretrial services officers while on duty in Colorado

Failed Legislative Attempts to Enact Constitutional Carry

Multiple attempts have been made in the Colorado General Assembly to pass constitutional carry legislation. All have failed:

SB18-097 - Concealed Handgun Carry With No Permit (2018 Regular Session)

• Prime Sponsors: Senator Tim Neville, Representative Kevin Van Winkle
• Summary: Would have allowed a person who legally possesses a handgun under state and federal law to carry a concealed handgun in Colorado without a permit. Carriers would have had the same rights and limitations as permit holders, including the prohibition on carrying on public school grounds.
• Status: Lost. Passed the Senate Third Reading (18-17) on March 8, 2018, but was postponed indefinitely by the House Committee on State, Veterans, & Military Affairs on March 21, 2018 (vote 6-3).

HB22-1033 - Constitutional Carry Of A Handgun (2022 Regular Session)

• Prime Sponsor: Representative Ron Hanks
• Summary: Would have granted persons at least 21 years old who are permitted to possess a handgun the same authority to carry concealed as permit holders. Would have also converted existing permits to lifetime permits, repealed permit renewal provisions, repealed temporary emergency permits, and repealed local government authority to regulate open or concealed carry.
• Status: Lost. Postponed indefinitely by the House Committee on Public & Behavioral Health & Human Services on February 8, 2022 (vote 8-5).

HB25-1164 - Constitutional Carry of Handgun (2025 Regular Session)

• Prime Sponsor: Representative Ron Weinberg
• Summary: Would have granted persons at least 18 years of age who are permitted to possess a handgun the same authority to carry concealed as permit holders. Would have lowered the minimum age for permits and out-of-state permit recognition to 18, converted existing permits to lifetime permits, repealed renewal provisions and temporary emergency permits, and repealed local government authority to regulate open or concealed carry.
• Status: Lost. Postponed indefinitely by the House Committee on State, Civic, Military, & Veterans Affairs on February 24, 2025 (vote 8-3).

Key Takeaways

• A concealed handgun permit (CHP) is required to carry a concealed handgun in Colorado, except in the specific circumstances outlined in C.R.S. § 18-12-105(2).
• Carrying in a private vehicle for lawful protection is permitted without a permit under C.R.S. § 18-12-105(2)(b).
• Carrying on one's own property, dwelling, or place of business is permitted without a permit under C.R.S. § 18-12-105(2)(a).
• Constitutional carry legislation has been introduced multiple times (2018, 2022, 2025) but has been defeated each time, typically in committee.
• As of 2025, Colorado remains a permit-required state for concealed carry of handguns in public.

Prohibited Places for Concealed Carry in Colorado

Colorado law designates several categories of locations where carrying firearms (including concealed carry with a permit) is prohibited. The following information reflects current law as of July 1, 2024, when SB24-131 took effect.

1. Government Buildings (§ 18-12-105.3, C.R.S.)

A person shall not knowingly carry a firearm, whether loaded or not, in the following government buildings including their adjacent parking areas:

• State Legislative Buildings:

  • Buildings containing the chambers, galleries, or offices of the General Assembly or either house thereof
  • Buildings where a legislative hearing or meeting of the General Assembly is being conducted
  • Buildings where the official office of any member, officer, or employee of the General Assembly is located

• Local Government Buildings (unless the local government enacts a law permitting carry):

  • Buildings containing the chambers or galleries of a local government's governing body
  • Buildings where a meeting of a local government's governing body is being conducted
  • Buildings containing the official office of any elected member of a local government's governing body or of the chief executive officer of a local government

• Courthouses:

  • Any courthouse or other building or portion of a building used for court proceedings

Penalty: Unlawful carrying of a firearm in a government building is a class 1 misdemeanor.

Exceptions to the government buildings prohibition:

• Peace officers carrying pursuant to § 16-2.5-101(2)
• Members of the United States Armed Forces or Colorado National Guard engaged in lawful discharge of official duties
• Security personnel employed or retained by the entity that controls or operates the location, and security personnel described in § 24-33.5-216.7(5), while engaged in official duties
• Law enforcement personnel, defense counsel personnel, and court personnel carrying or possessing a firearm in the performance of official duties as part of lawful and common practices of a legal proceeding
• Concealed carry permit holders carrying a concealed handgun in the adjacent parking area only (not inside the building)
• A person securely storing a firearm in a vehicle as required by state law at a location described in this section
• A local government may enact an ordinance permitting carry at local government buildings

2. Schools, Colleges, Universities, and Licensed Child Care Centers (§ 18-12-105.5, C.R.S.)

A person shall not knowingly carry a firearm, either openly or concealed, in or on the real estate and all improvements erected thereon of:

• Licensed child care centers (excluding family child care homes) - centers licensed by the Department of Early Childhood or exempt from licensing pursuant to § 26.5-5-304(1)(b) that operate with stated educational purposes
• Public or private elementary, middle, junior high, high, or vocational schools
• Any public or private college, university, or seminary

Penalty: Violation is a class 1 misdemeanor.

Exceptions:

• Presenting an authorized public demonstration or exhibition pursuant to instruction in conjunction with an organized school or class
• Carrying out necessary duties and functions of an employee of an educational institution that require the use of a firearm
• Participation in an authorized extracurricular activity or on an athletic team
• Concealed carry permit holders carrying a concealed handgun:
  • On the real property of a public elementary, middle, junior high, or high school in accordance with § 18-12-214(3)
  • In a parking area of a licensed child care center or a public or private college, university, or seminary
• Security personnel employed or retained by a licensed child care center or a public or private college, university, or seminary while engaged in official duties
• When a licensed child care center is on the same real estate as another building or improvement that is not a school and is open to the public, carrying a firearm on an area of real estate or improvement that is not designated as a licensed child care center
• Law enforcement officers and security guards (existing law exemptions)
• Possession of a weapon for use in an educational program approved by a school

3. Polling Locations, Ballot Drop Boxes, and Central Count Facilities (§ 1-13-724, C.R.S.)

It is unlawful for any person to carry a firearm in any manner (openly or concealed) at:

• Any polling location, or within 100 feet of a ballot drop box or any building in which a polling location is located, on the day of any election or during the time when voting is permitted
• Any central count facility, or within 100 feet of any building in which a central count facility is located, during any ongoing election administration activity related to an active election

The designated election official shall visibly place a sign notifying persons of the 100-foot no-carry zone.

Penalty: Misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum $250 fine and up to 120 days' imprisonment in county jail; a second or subsequent offense is punishable by a maximum $1,000 fine and up to 364 days' imprisonment.

Exceptions:

• A person who carries a firearm they own on their private property that is within the 100-foot buffer zone, or while traveling directly between their private property and a place outside the buffer zone
• Uniformed security guards employed by a contract security agency acting within the scope of a contractual agreement for security services
• Security personnel described in § 24-33.5-216.7(5) while engaged in official duties

4. Local Government Restrictions (§ 29-11.7-104 and § 18-12-214, C.R.S.)

Local governments have additional authority to restrict firearms:

• A local government may prohibit open carry in a building or specific area within its jurisdiction. Signs must be posted at public entrances informing persons that open carry is prohibited.
• A local government may prohibit concealed carry permit holders from carrying a concealed handgun in a building or specific area within its jurisdiction. However, a local government may not impose criminal penalties for prohibited concealed carry. Signs must be posted at public entrances informing persons that concealed carry is prohibited.

5. Additional Notes

• Concealed carry permits authorize carry throughout the state except for places prohibited by state or local law (§ 18-12-214, C.R.S.).
• Carrying a concealed weapon in public without a permit is a class 1 misdemeanor (§ 18-12-105, C.R.S.).
• SB24-131 was approved by the Governor on May 31, 2024, and became effective July 1, 2024. This bill consolidated and strengthened prohibitions on carrying firearms in sensitive spaces, including government buildings, schools, child care centers, and election-related locations.
• Members of the General Assembly were temporarily exempt from the prohibition on carrying in state legislative buildings until January 5, 2025.

Key Statute References

Carrying Firearms in Vehicles in Colorado

General Vehicle Carry Rules

Colorado law permits carrying firearms in vehicles under the following provisions:

Title 18 - Criminal Code

• Lawful Protection Exception: Colorado allows a person to carry a firearm in a vehicle if its use is for lawful protection of such person or another person's person or property. [C.R.S. 18-12-105(2)]

• Possession in an Automobile: Colorado law allows a person to possess a handgun in a dwelling, place of business, or automobile. However, when you carry the weapon into your home, business, hotel room, etc., it must be in plain view. [C.R.S. 18-12-105(2)]

• No Concealed Carry Permit Required in a Vehicle: A permit is not required and a handgun is not considered concealed when a person is in a private automobile or other private transportation. [C.R.S. 18-12-105(2)]

• Local Preemption: Local jurisdictions may not enact laws that restrict a person's ability to travel with a weapon. [C.R.S. 18-12-105.6]

Title 33 - Wildlife Laws

• Long Guns Must Have Unloaded Chambers: In accordance with Colorado wildlife laws, including C.R.S. 33-6-125, you may carry a weapon in your vehicle. However, it is unlawful for any person, except a person authorized by law or by the division (Colorado Parks and Wildlife), to possess or have under his control any firearm, other than a pistol or revolver, in or on any motor vehicle unless the chamber of such firearm is unloaded.

• Muzzle-Loaders: A muzzle-loader shall be considered unloaded if it is not primed. For this purpose, "primed" means having a percussion cap on the nipple or flint in the striker and powder in the flash pan.

Key Distinctions

Carrying in National Parks and National Forests

• National Parks: In accordance with 16 USC 1a-7b, in any national park in Colorado, a person may possess a firearm if such possession is in compliance with Colorado state law. However, firearms are prohibited in "Federal facilities" (visitor centers, administrative offices, maintenance buildings) per 18 USC 930. Such facilities will be clearly marked with signs at all public entrances.

• National Forests: You may carry a weapon while visiting National Forests in Colorado. However, you must comply with federal regulations pertaining to the use of a firearm on National Forest System lands. Discharge restrictions apply per 36 CFR 261.10(d):

  • Not within 150 yards of a residence, building, campsite, developed recreation site, or occupied area
  • Not across or on a Forest Development road or adjacent body of water
  • Not into or within any cave

Important Notes

• Both Title 18 and Title 33 statutes are enforceable by any certified peace officer in the state. It is the individual's responsibility to abide by all sections of each statute to be in compliance.
• Colorado prohibits gun registration. [C.R.S. 29-11.7-102]
• Open carry regulations are governed by local county and municipal authorities; check local municipal codes for specific restrictions.

Colorado Concealed Carry Reciprocity

Governing Statutes

Colorado's concealed carry reciprocity framework is governed by two primary statutes:

General Reciprocity Principle

Colorado operates on a mutual reciprocity basis. Per C.R.S. § 18-12-105.6, a permit to carry a concealed weapon issued by another state is considered valid in Colorado if that other state, in turn, recognizes Colorado's Concealed Handgun Permits (CHPs). This is a bilateral requirement - both states must honor each other's permits.

As stated by the Colorado State Patrol: "A permit to carry a concealed weapon that is issued to a person (who is at least 21 years of age) by another state will be considered valid in Colorado if the other state, in turn, recognized Colorado's concealed handgun permits." [C.R.S. 18-12-105.6]

Requirements for Out-of-State Permit Holders in Colorado

An out-of-state concealed carry permit is valid in Colorado provided that:

1. The issuing state has reciprocity with Colorado - the other state must recognize Colorado CHPs, and Colorado must recognize that state's permits.
2. The permit holder is at least 21 years of age.
3. The permit holder is a resident of the state that issued the permit, OR is a resident of Colorado for not more than 90 days.

Per Park County Sheriff's Office documentation: "A permit to carry a concealed handgun or a concealed weapon that is issued by a state that reciprocates with Colorado shall be valid in all respects as long as the person is at least 21 years of age, is a resident of the state that issued the permit, or is a resident of Colorado for not more than 90 days."

Out-of-state permit holders visiting Colorado under reciprocity are not subject to Colorado's training requirements (including those updated by HB24-1174); those requirements apply only to Colorado CHP applicants.

Types of Reciprocity

Colorado's reciprocity arrangements fall into recognized categories used across states:

Colorado's reciprocity with most states is based on mutual statutory reciprocity rather than formal written agreements. For example, per the Pennsylvania Attorney General's reciprocity summary (updated September 2021), Colorado has mutual statutory reciprocity ("+" designation) with Pennsylvania.

States with Confirmed Reciprocity

Based on the Pennsylvania Attorney General's reciprocity summary and Ohio Attorney General's published agreements, Colorado has confirmed mutual reciprocity with the following states (among others):

• Pennsylvania - mutual statutory reciprocity (confirmed by PA AG, September 2021)
• Ohio - reciprocity agreement (published by Ohio AG)
• Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Oklahoma, Wisconsin - mutual statutory reciprocity with Pennsylvania, and listed as recognizing Colorado permits

Additionally, the following states have written reciprocity agreements or unilateral recognition that include Colorado recognition based on mutual frameworks: Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Idaho (Enhanced License), Kentucky, Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota (Class I License), South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia (Regular License), Wyoming.

Important caveats:

• Some states recognize only specific permit types (e.g., Idaho "Enhanced" only, North Dakota "Class I" only, Utah "Regular" only, West Virginia "Regular" only).
• The specific list of reciprocal states changes periodically as states update their laws.
• Always verify current reciprocity status directly with the CBI or the destination state before traveling.

Where to Verify Current Reciprocity Agreements

The official list of states with which Colorado has reciprocity is maintained by the Colorado Bureau of Investigation (CBI):

• CBI Concealed Handgun Permit Reciprocity: https://cbi.colorado.gov/sections/firearms-instacheck-unit/concealed-handgun-permit-chp-reciprocity

The Colorado State Patrol also provides reciprocity information:

• Colorado Gun Laws: https://csp.colorado.gov/colorado-gun-laws

New Colorado Residents with Out-of-State Permits

• If you move to Colorado and hold a valid concealed carry permit from a reciprocal state, you may carry concealed in Colorado for up to 90 days after establishing residency.
• After 90 days of residency, you may continue to hold your out-of-state permit, but should apply for a Colorado CHP from the county sheriff where you reside.
• Out-of-state permits are NOT eligible for renewal in Colorado. New residents must submit a new application following all Colorado requirements, including the updated training requirements under HB24-1174.
• Your out-of-state permit becomes invalid once you become a resident of Colorado by obtaining a Colorado driver's license (after the 90-day grace period).
• A Colorado Driver's License or Identification Card is required to apply for a Colorado CHP.

Colorado CHP Holders Traveling to Other States

• Per C.R.S. § 18-12-213, reciprocity means the other state recognizes Colorado permits and Colorado recognizes that state's permits.
• You are responsible for familiarizing yourself with the laws of any state you are traveling to or through. Each state has its own rules regarding where you can carry, prohibited locations, duty to inform law enforcement, and other requirements.
• Colorado CHP holders must comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations of the state they are visiting.
• Reciprocity applies only to the carrying of concealed firearms and not to any other types of weapons (per language in formal reciprocity agreements).

Non-Resident Permits

Colorado does not issue concealed handgun permits to non-residents. Per the Pennsylvania AG's reciprocity summary, Colorado is listed among states where non-residents may not apply for a separate concealed carry license. Applicants must hold a Colorado Driver's License or Identification Card to apply for a Colorado CHP.

Colorado CHP Application Requirements (for New Residents and Current Residents)

New Applications

• Training: Must attend an 8-hour Concealed Handgun Training Class taught by a firearms instructor verified by a Colorado Sheriff's Office (per HB24-1174, effective July 1, 2025).
• Training certificate: Must submit the original proof of training certificate dated within one year of application appointment date. Copies are not accepted.
• Residency: Must have a Colorado Driver's License or Identification Card.
• Background check: Fingerprints and photo required; background check completed by the issuing sheriff's office.
• Processing time: Permit mailed within 90 days (or less) from fingerprint submission date.
• Cost: $152.50 (plus credit card fees) for a new application.

Alternative Training Evidence

In lieu of the 8-hour training class, applicants may provide:

• Evidence of organized shooting competition participation, current military service, or current peace officer certification
• Evidence of being a verified instructor at time of application
• Proof of honorable military discharge within 3 years (general) or 10 years (with pistol qualifications)
• Retirement certificate from a Colorado law enforcement agency with pistol qualifications within 10 years

Renewal Applications

• Renewals must be submitted to the sheriff's office in the county where you currently reside, even if the original permit was issued by a different county.
• May renew up to 120 days (4 months) prior to permit expiration.
• Expired permits have a 6-month grace period for renewal.
• Permits expired more than 6 months are not renewable - a new application is required.
• Renewal training (post-July 1, 2025): Original training certificate from a concealed handgun training class or refresher class (per C.R.S. § 18-12-202.5) obtained within 6 months prior to submitting the renewal form. Copies not accepted.
• Cost: $63 (plus credit card fees) for current permits; $78 ($63 + $15 late fee per state law) for late renewals within the 6-month grace period.

Address, Name Changes, and Lost/Stolen Permits

Address Change (Within Colorado)

• Required by state law to notify the issuing agency within 30 days of moving.
• Complete a Change of Address Form through the issuing county's portal.
• No charge for address changes. No new card issued.

Address Change (Moving Out of State)

• Must notify the issuing agency within 30 days.
• Permit becomes invalid once you become a resident of another state by obtaining that state's driver's license.
• Must return your permit to the issuing sheriff's office.

Name Change

• Must provide a Name Change form (notarized) and court documents showing legal name change.
• A new CHP card will be issued.

Lost, Stolen, or Damaged Permit

• Required by state law to report a lost or stolen permit within 30 days to the issuing agency.
• Replacement card cost: $15 (plus credit card fees) per state law.
• Replacement form must be notarized.

Key Statutory References

Important Notes

• Marijuana use: The medicinal or recreational use of marijuana, although legalized in Colorado, is illegal under federal law and prohibits the lawful possession of firearms. Per Park County documentation: "The medicinal or recreational use of marijuana, although legalized in Colorado, is illegal pursuant to federal law and would prohibit the lawful possession of firearms." This applies to both Colorado residents and visitors.

• Federal facilities and restrictions: Reciprocity does not override federal law. Carrying in federal buildings, post offices, national parks buildings, and other federally restricted areas remains prohibited regardless of state permits.

• Training requirements (HB24-1174): Effective July 1, 2025, Colorado updated training requirements for both new and renewal CHP applications. Key changes:

  • New applications require an 8-hour training class from a verified instructor (verified by a Colorado Sheriff's Office).
  • Renewal applications received on or after July 1, 2025 are subject to new training requirements with no grace period.
  • Renewal training certificates must be dated within 6 months of the renewal application receipt date.
  • Original certificates only - copies are not accepted for either new or renewal applications.
  • These training requirements apply to Colorado CHP applicants only, not to out-of-state permit holders visiting Colorado under reciprocity.

• Reciprocity agreements can be terminated: Formal written reciprocity agreements between states typically include a 30-day written notice termination clause. Statutory reciprocity can change when either state amends its firearms laws. Always verify current status before traveling.

• LEOSA (Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act): Retired law enforcement officers may qualify under federal LEOSA for concealed carry privileges. Colorado counties (e.g., Boulder County through the Longmont Police Department range) offer retired officer qualification shoots for LEOSA compliance.

Colorado Use of Force Laws for Concealed Carry Holders

Use of Physical Force in Defense of a Person (C.R.S. § 18-1-704)

Colorado law authorizes the use of physical force in self-defense under the following framework:

Non-Deadly Physical Force (§ 18-1-704(1))

A person is justified in using physical force upon another person to defend himself or a third person from what he reasonably believes to be the use or imminent use of unlawful physical force by that other person. The person may use a degree of force which he reasonably believes to be necessary for that purpose.

Deadly Physical Force (§ 18-1-704(2))

Deadly physical force may be used only if a person reasonably believes a lesser degree of force is inadequate AND one of the following conditions exists:

• (a) The actor has reasonable ground to believe, and does believe, that he or another person is in imminent danger of being killed or of receiving great bodily injury; or
• (b) The other person is using or reasonably appears about to use physical force against an occupant of a dwelling or business establishment while committing or attempting to commit burglary (§§ 18-4-202 to 18-4-204); or
• (c) The other person is committing or reasonably appears about to commit kidnapping (§ 18-3-301 or 18-3-302), robbery (§ 18-4-301 or 18-4-302), sexual assault (§ 18-3-402), or assault (§§ 18-3-202 and 18-3-203).

When Self-Defense is NOT Justified (§ 18-1-704(3))

A person is not justified in using physical force if:

• (a) With intent to cause bodily injury or death, the person provokes the use of unlawful physical force by the other person; or
• (b) The person is the initial aggressor - except that force becomes justifiable if the initial aggressor withdraws from the encounter and effectively communicates the intent to withdraw, but the other person nevertheless continues or threatens unlawful physical force; or
• (c) The physical force involved is the product of combat by agreement not specifically authorized by law; or
• (d) The use of force is based on the discovery of, knowledge about, or potential disclosure of the victim's actual or perceived gender, gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation (added by SB 20-221, effective July 13, 2020).

No Duty to Retreat

Colorado follows the "no duty to retreat" doctrine. Under established case law and statutory interpretation:

• A person who is not the initial aggressor has no duty to retreat before using physical force, including deadly force, in self-defense.
• The Colorado Supreme Court in People v. Toler (No. 98SC858, September 11, 2000) held that "a person does not have to 'retreat to the wall' before using deadly force to defend himself, unless the person was the 'initial aggressor' in the encounter."
• The legislative comment to the original enactment of § 18-1-704 stated: "Subsection (2) omits the doctrine of 'retreat to the wall' which has never been the law in Colorado."
• In Idrogo v. People, 818 P.2d 752 (Colo. 1991), the Colorado Supreme Court confirmed that § 18-1-704(2) "contains no language reflecting any intention by the General Assembly to revive the doctrine of retreat."
• A person's right to self-defense is not dependent on location - even a trespasser retains the right to self-defense and is not required to retreat unless they are the initial aggressor (People v. Toler).

Make My Day Law / Use of Deadly Force Against an Intruder (C.R.S. § 18-1-704.5)

Colorado's "Make My Day" law provides strong protections for occupants of dwellings:

• (1) The General Assembly recognizes that citizens of Colorado have a right to expect absolute safety within their own homes.
• (2) Any occupant of a dwelling is justified in using any degree of physical force, including deadly physical force, against another person when:
  • That other person has made an unlawful entry into the dwelling; AND
  • The occupant has a reasonable belief that the intruder has committed a crime in the dwelling in addition to the uninvited entry, or is committing or intends to commit a crime against a person or property in addition to the uninvited entry; AND
  • The occupant reasonably believes the intruder might use any physical force, no matter how slight, against any occupant.
• (3) An occupant using force in accordance with this section is immune from criminal prosecution.
• (4) An occupant using force in accordance with this section is immune from any civil liability for injuries or death resulting from the use of such force.
• (5) "Dwelling" does not include any place of habitation in a detention facility (§ 18-8-211(4)).

Use of Physical Force in Defense of Premises (C.R.S. § 18-1-705)

A person in possession or control of any building, realty, or other premises, or a person licensed or privileged to be thereon, is justified in using reasonable and appropriate physical force upon another person when and to the extent reasonably necessary to prevent or terminate what he reasonably believes to be an unlawful trespass.

• Deadly force may be used only:
  • In defense of himself or another as described in § 18-1-704; OR
  • When he reasonably believes it necessary to prevent what he reasonably believes to be an attempt by the trespasser to commit first degree arson.

Use of Physical Force in Defense of Property (C.R.S. § 18-1-706)

A person is justified in using reasonable and appropriate physical force upon another person when and to the extent reasonably necessary to prevent what he reasonably believes to be an attempt by the other person to commit theft, criminal mischief, or criminal tampering involving property.

• Deadly physical force may be used under these circumstances only in defense of himself or another as described in § 18-1-704.

Use of Force by Private Persons Effecting an Arrest (C.R.S. § 18-1-707(7))

A private person acting on his own account is justified in using reasonable and appropriate physical force upon another person when and to the extent he reasonably believes it necessary to:

• Effect an arrest; or
• Prevent the escape from custody of an arrested person who has committed an offense in his presence.

However, a private person is justified in using deadly physical force only when he reasonably believes it necessary to defend himself or a third person from what he reasonably believes to be the use or imminent use of deadly physical force.

Key Definitions (C.R.S. § 18-1-901 and related statutes)

• Deadly physical force: Force, the intended, natural, and probable consequence of which is to produce death and which does, in fact, produce death.
• Serious bodily injury: Bodily injury that involves a substantial risk of death; a substantial risk of serious permanent disfigurement; a substantial risk of protracted loss or impairment of the function of any part or organ of the body; or breaks, fractures, a penetrating knife or penetrating gunshot wound, or burns of the second or third degree (§ 18-1-901).
• Imminent: About to happen or likely to occur at any moment. Imminent does not mean immediate or instantaneous - an imminent danger may exist even if the suspect is not at that very moment pointing a weapon at someone.

Law Enforcement Use of Force Standards (C.R.S. § 18-1-707, as amended by SB 20-217)

SB 20-217 (Enhance Law Enforcement Integrity), effective September 1, 2020, established enhanced use of force standards for peace officers:

• Peace officers shall apply nonviolent means, when possible, before resorting to physical force (§ 18-1-707(1)).
• Physical force may be used only if nonviolent means would be ineffective in effecting an arrest, preventing an escape, or preventing an imminent threat of injury.
• Chokeholds are prohibited for peace officers (§ 18-1-707(2.5)).
• Officers must use only a degree of force consistent with the minimization of injury to others (§ 18-1-707(2)(b)).
• Deadly force to make an arrest is justified only when all other means of apprehension are unreasonable given the circumstances and specific conditions are met (§ 18-1-707(3)).
• Officers must identify themselves and give a clear verbal warning of intent to use deadly force with sufficient time for the warning to be observed, unless doing so would unduly place officers at risk (§ 18-1-707(4)).
• Officers have a duty to intervene when witnessing another officer use excessive force (§ 18-8-802).

Prone Restraint Policies (§ 18-1-707(2.7))

Effective July 1, 2025, all Colorado law enforcement agencies must adopt written policies and procedures concerning use of the prone position and prone restraint, including:

• When and how to request medical aid
• When to get medical clearance
• How and when to render appropriate medical aid
• How and when to transition a person from prone position to a recovery position

Training on these policies must be implemented by July 1, 2026.

Civil Liability Protections

• Under § 18-1-704.5 (Make My Day Law), occupants using justified force against intruders are immune from civil liability.
• Under C.R.S. § 13-80-119, there are limitations on civil suits against persons using physical force in defense of a person or to prevent the commission of a felony.

Important Notes for Concealed Carry Holders

1. Reasonableness standard: All use of force is judged by what a reasonable person would believe under the totality of the circumstances.
2. Proportionality: Deadly force is only justified when a lesser degree of force is believed to be inadequate.
3. No duty to retreat: Colorado does not require retreat before using force in self-defense, unless you are the initial aggressor.
4. Initial aggressor exception: If you provoke or initiate the confrontation, you must withdraw and communicate your withdrawal before claiming self-defense.
5. Defense of property alone: Deadly force is generally not justified solely to protect property - it must be in defense of a person.
6. Make My Day protections: Apply only within a dwelling and require an unlawful entry plus additional conditions.

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Federal context

N.Y. State Rifle & Pistol Ass'n v. Bruen (2022) and United States v. Rahimi (2024). Bruen, 597 U.S. 1 (2022), established the historical-tradition test for Second Amendment claims. Rahimi, 602 U.S. ___ (2024), then applied Bruen to uphold the federal domestic-violence-restraining-order firearm prohibition at 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8), confirming that not every firearm disability fails Bruen's test. Practitioners advising on use of force or firearm-disability questions should be familiar with both cases.

Castle Doctrine & Stand Your Ground Laws in Colorado

Stand Your Ground (No Duty to Retreat)

Colorado follows a "no duty to retreat" doctrine. Under Colorado law, a person who is not the initial aggressor has no obligation to retreat before using physical force, including deadly force, in self-defense.

Key Statute: C.R.S. § 18-1-704 - Use of Physical Force in Defense of a Person

Use of Physical Force (§ 18-1-704(1))

A person is justified in using physical force upon another person to defend himself or a third person from what he reasonably believes to be the use or imminent use of unlawful physical force by that other person, and may use a degree of force which he reasonably believes to be necessary for that purpose.

Use of Deadly Force (§ 18-1-704(2))

Deadly physical force may be used only if a person reasonably believes a lesser degree of force is inadequate and:

• (a) The actor has reasonable ground to believe, and does believe, that he or another person is in imminent danger of being killed or of receiving great bodily injury; or
• (b) The other person is using or reasonably appears about to use physical force against an occupant of a dwelling or business establishment while committing or attempting to commit burglary (C.R.S. §§ 18-4-202 to 18-4-204); or
• (c) The other person is committing or reasonably appears about to commit kidnapping (C.R.S. § 18-3-301 or 18-3-302), robbery (C.R.S. § 18-4-301 or 18-4-302), sexual assault (C.R.S. § 18-3-402 or 18-3-403), or assault (C.R.S. §§ 18-3-202 and 18-3-203).

When Self-Defense Is NOT Justified (§ 18-1-704(3))

A person is not justified in using physical force if:

• (a) With intent to cause bodily injury or death, the person provokes the use of unlawful physical force by the other person; or
• (b) The person is the initial aggressor - except that the use of force becomes justifiable if the initial aggressor withdraws from the encounter and effectively communicates the intent to do so, but the other person nevertheless continues or threatens unlawful physical force; or
• (c) The physical force involved is the product of combat by agreement not specifically authorized by law.

Important: Only an "initial aggressor" has a duty to retreat before using physical force in self-defense. All other persons (non-aggressors) have no duty to retreat, even if they could safely do so. This principle was affirmed by the Colorado Supreme Court in People v. Toler (2000) and Idrogo v. People, 818 P.2d 752 (Colo. 1991).

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Castle Doctrine (C.R.S. § 18-1-704.5 - "Make My Day" Law)

Colorado's Castle Doctrine, commonly known as the "Make My Day" law, provides strong protections for occupants of dwellings.

Key Provisions:

1. Legislative Intent: The General Assembly recognizes that the citizens of Colorado have a right to expect absolute safety within their own homes.

2. Justified Use of Force: Any occupant of a dwelling is justified in using any degree of physical force, including deadly physical force, against another person when:

   • That other person has made an unlawful entry into the dwelling; and
   • The occupant has a reasonable belief that such other person has committed a crime in the dwelling in addition to the uninvited entry, or is committing or intends to commit a crime against a person or property in addition to the uninvited entry; and
   • The occupant reasonably believes that such other person might use any physical force, no matter how slight, against any occupant.

3. Criminal Immunity: Any occupant using physical force (including deadly force) in accordance with this statute shall be immune from criminal prosecution for the use of such force.

4. Civil Immunity: Any occupant using physical force (including deadly force) in accordance with this statute shall be immune from any civil liability for injuries or death resulting from the use of such force.

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Defense of Premises (C.R.S. § 18-1-705)

A person in possession or control of any building, realty, or other premises, or a person who is licensed or privileged to be thereon, is justified in using reasonable and appropriate physical force upon another person when and to the extent that it is reasonably necessary to prevent or terminate what he reasonably believes to be the commission or attempted commission of an unlawful trespass by the other person.

• Deadly force may be used in defense of premises only:
  • In defense of himself or another as described in C.R.S. § 18-1-704; or
  • When the person reasonably believes it necessary to prevent what he reasonably believes to be an attempt by the trespasser to commit first degree arson.

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Key Legal Precedent

• People v. Toler (2000), No. 98SC858 - The Colorado Supreme Court held that a person does not have to "retreat to the wall" before using deadly force in self-defense, unless the person was the "initial aggressor" in the encounter. The Court confirmed that neither C.R.S. § 18-1-704 nor Colorado caselaw deprives a person of the right to use physical force in self-defense based upon where that person is located at the time of the encounter.

• Idrogo v. People, 818 P.2d 752 (Colo. 1991) - The Court rejected the argument that a duty to retreat arises before a defendant may use deadly force in self-defense, confirming that § 18-1-704(2) "contains no language reflecting any intention by the General Assembly to revive the doctrine of retreat."

• Boykin v. People, 22 Colo. 496 (1896) - Colorado adopted the "no duty to retreat" rule as part of its common law.

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Summary for Concealed Carry Permit Holders

Duty to Inform Law Enforcement - Colorado

Colorado does not have a statutory duty to inform law enforcement officers that you are carrying a concealed handgun during a routine traffic stop or other law enforcement contact. There is no provision in Colorado's concealed carry statutes (C.R.S. Title 18, Article 12) requiring a permit holder to proactively volunteer their armed status.

Carrying Requirements Under C.R.S. 18-12-204

While there is no duty to proactively inform, Colorado law imposes specific carrying obligations on concealed handgun permit (CHP) holders:

• Permit and photo ID must be carried at all times while carrying concealed. A permit holder must have both the CHP and a valid government-issued photo identification on their person whenever they are carrying a concealed handgun. (C.R.S. 18-12-204)
• Must present both documents upon request. If a law enforcement officer asks whether you hold a concealed carry permit or asks to see it, you are required to present the CHP along with valid photo ID.
• Failure to carry the permit while carrying concealed may result in a citation. However, possession of a valid permit is a defense to a charge of unlawfully carrying a concealed weapon under C.R.S. 18-12-105.

Key Legal Distinctions

Exemptions from Permit Requirement (C.R.S. 18-12-105)

Certain individuals may carry concealed without a permit and therefore have no CHP to present. Key exemptions include:

• Persons in their own dwelling, place of business, or on property they own or control
• Active-duty military personnel and honorably discharged veterans (with service documentation)
• Licensed peace officers, active or retired (with credentials)
• Persons in a private automobile for lawful protection of themselves or property
• Persons authorized by federal law to carry

Exempted individuals still have no proactive duty to inform law enforcement of concealed carry status.

Concealed Carry Permit Overview (C.R.S. 18-12-203 through 18-12-210)

• Issuing authority: County sheriff of the applicant's county of residence
• Type: Shall-issue (the sheriff must issue if all statutory criteria are met)
• Minimum age: 21 years
• Training required: Handgun training course demonstrating competence
• Permit validity: 5 years from date of issue
• Reciprocity: Colorado recognizes permits from states that recognize Colorado permits (resident permits only); check current reciprocity agreements as they change periodically

Practical Guidance During Law Enforcement Encounters

Although not legally required, many firearms law attorneys and law enforcement training organizations recommend the following best practices for permit holders during police encounters:

1. Keep hands visible - Place hands on the steering wheel during traffic stops
2. Inform the officer early if comfortable doing so - While not required, voluntary disclosure can reduce tension and demonstrate cooperation
3. Do not reach for the firearm - If you choose to inform or are asked, let the officer direct your movements
4. Follow all lawful orders - Comply with instructions regarding the firearm (e.g., officer may temporarily secure it)

Lost or Stolen Firearm Reporting Requirement (SB21-078)

Effective April 19, 2021, Colorado law requires firearm owners to report the loss or theft of a firearm to a law enforcement agency within 5 days of discovering the loss or theft. (C.R.S. 18-12-114)

Penalties for failure to report:

Key details:

• The report must be made to a local law enforcement agency (typically the police department or sheriff's office where the loss/theft occurred or was discovered)
• This requirement does not apply to licensed firearms dealers (Federal Firearms Licensees), who have separate federal reporting requirements under ATF regulations
• The reporting obligation is on the owner of the firearm, not any temporary possessor
• A person who reports in good faith is not subject to penalty even if the firearm is later recovered

Interaction with Other Colorado Firearms Laws

• No open carry preemption for Denver: Denver has a local ordinance restricting open carry. Concealed carry with a valid CHP is permitted statewide, including in Denver.
• Prohibited locations (C.R.S. 18-12-214): CHP holders may not carry in K-12 schools (unless authorized by the school district), federal buildings, or courthouses. Private property owners may also prohibit firearms on their premises.
• Firearm relinquishment orders: Under Colorado's domestic violence protection order and extreme risk protection order statutes, courts may order the relinquishment of firearms. The source material (Title 18, Criminal Code 2024) confirms detailed procedures for relinquishment including timelines, compliance hearings, and affidavit requirements under the protection order framework. A person subject to such an order must also surrender any concealed carry permit.

Recent Legislative Activity

• SB21-078 (2021): Enacted the lost/stolen firearm reporting requirement described above
• SB21-256 (2021): Authorized local governments to enact firearms regulations stricter than state law (previously preempted), which may affect where and how concealed carry is regulated locally
• SB 23-169 (2023, signed April 28, 2023; codified at C.R.S. § 18-12-112.5(1)(a.5)): Raised the minimum age for purchasing firearms from 18 to 21. Preliminarily enjoined August 2023; the 10th Circuit reversed and dissolved the injunction in Rocky Mountain Gun Owners v. Polis, No. 23-1251 (Nov. 5, 2024); a federal court upheld the law on the merits in June 2025. Currently enforceable. Class 2 misdemeanor penalty. (Does not change the CHP age requirement, which was already 21.)
• HB22-1086 (2022): "Vote Without Fear Act" - firearm restrictions around polling locations.

Permit holders should monitor local ordinances in jurisdictions where they carry, as local regulations may now vary.

Relevant Statutes

• C.R.S. 18-12-105 - Unlawfully carrying a concealed weapon; defenses and exemptions
• C.R.S. 18-12-112 - Private firearms transfers (background check requirement)
• C.R.S. 18-12-114 - Reporting requirements for lost or stolen firearms (SB21-078)
• C.R.S. 18-12-203 - Concealed handgun permit issuance criteria
• C.R.S. 18-12-204 - Permit carrying requirements (permit + photo ID)
• C.R.S. 18-12-210 - Reciprocity with other states
• C.R.S. 18-12-214 - Authority of local governments and prohibited locations

Note: The primary source material reviewed (Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 18) did not include the full text of Article 12 (Firearms) sections 18-12-203 through 18-12-214. The concealed carry and permit-specific provisions cited above are based on the established statutory framework. Readers should consult the current text of these statutes at leg.colorado.gov for authoritative and up-to-date guidance.

Colorado Concealed Handgun Permit Training Requirements

Overview

Effective July 1, 2025, Colorado House Bill 24-1174 (HB24-1174) significantly changed the training requirements for concealed handgun permits (CHP). All training must now be conducted by a verified firearms instructor - an instructor verified by a Colorado county sheriff's office. Training certificates submitted for a CHP must be completed through a verified instructor.

Governing Statutes: C.R.S. 18-12-201 through 18-12-215; C.R.S. 18-12-202.5 (training class requirements); C.R.S. 18-12-202.7 (instructor verification)

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New Applicant Training Requirements

Minimum 8-Hour Concealed Handgun Training Class

The class must be held in person with the instructor at the same location as the students. No part of the class may be conducted via the internet. The eight hours of instruction do not need to be consecutive.

Online courses and Hunter Education certificates are NOT accepted.

Required Curriculum Elements

The 8-hour training class must include the following elements:

1. Knowledge and safe handling of firearms and ammunition
2. Safe storage of firearms and child safety
3. Safe firearms shooting fundamentals
4. Federal and state laws pertaining to the lawful purchase, ownership, transportation, use, and possession of firearms, including instruction on:
   • Extreme Risk Protection Orders (Article 14.5 of Title 13)
   • Requirements for reporting lost or stolen firearms (C.R.S. 18-12-113)
   • Secure firearms storage requirements (C.R.S. 18-12-114)
   • Any other state law enacted within five years before the class pertaining to firearms
5. State law pertaining to the use of deadly force for self-defense
6. Best practices for safely interacting with law enforcement personnel responding to an emergency
7. Techniques for avoiding a criminal attack and managing a violent confrontation, including conflict resolution and judgmental use of lethal force

Testing Requirements (New Applicants)

• Live-Fire Shooting Exercise: Minimum 70% accuracy score as determined by the instructor, conducted on a range, requiring discharge of at least 50 rounds of ammunition. Does not need to be conducted in a single day.
• Written Concealed Handgun Competency Exam: Minimum passing score of 80%, testing knowledge of the curriculum subjects listed above. The exam must be administered as an open book exam.

Training Certificate Validity

• Original training certificate must be dated within one (1) year of the application appointment date.
• Must include the printed name and original signature of the class instructor.
• Photocopies or digital versions are not accepted - the original certificate is required.
• The certificate must clearly indicate whether the student completed a concealed handgun training class or a refresher class.

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Renewal Applicant Training Requirements (Refresher Class)

Minimum 2-Hour Concealed Handgun Refresher Class

The refresher class must be held in person with the instructor at the same location as the students. No part of the class may be conducted via the internet.

Required Refresher Curriculum Elements

• Instruction on changes to federal and state laws related to firearms enacted within five years before the refresher class
• A live-fire shooting exercise conducted on a range, requiring discharge of at least 50 rounds of ammunition
• A written concealed handgun competency exam testing knowledge of the same subjects required for new applicants

Testing Requirements (Renewal Applicants)

• Live-Fire Shooting Exercise: Minimum 70% accuracy score as determined by the instructor
• Written Concealed Handgun Competency Exam: Minimum passing score of 80%, administered as an open book exam

Refresher Training Certificate Validity

• Original training certificate must be dated within six (6) months of the renewal application appointment/submittal date.
• Must include the printed name and original signature of the verified instructor.
• Photocopies or digital versions are not accepted.

Renewal Timing

• Renewal applications may be submitted up to 120 days before the permit expiration date (per C.R.S. 18-12-211(1)(a)).
• Expired permits have a 6-month grace period in which to renew.
• Applications renewed after July 1, 2025 are subject to the new training requirements regardless of when the original permit was issued - there is no grace period for the new training requirements.
• Applications beyond the 6-month grace period will not be accepted.

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Alternative Qualifications (New and Renewal Applicants)

In lieu of the standard training class, the following may satisfy the training requirement:

For New Applicants:

1. Evidence of experience with a firearm through participation in organized shooting competitions, current military service, or current certification as a peace officer pursuant to Article 2.5 of Title 16
2. Proof of honorable discharge from a branch of the United States Armed Forces within three (3) years preceding submittal of the application
3. Proof of honorable discharge from a branch of the United States Armed Forces that reflects pistol qualifications obtained within ten (10) years preceding submittal of the application
4. Evidence that the applicant is a certified firearms instructor at the time of application
5. A certificate showing retirement from a Colorado law enforcement agency that reflects pistol qualifications obtained within ten (10) years preceding submittal of the application

For Renewal Applicants:

1. Evidence of experience with a firearm through participation in organized shooting competitions, current military service, or current certification as a peace officer pursuant to Article 2.5 of Title 16
2. Proof of honorable discharge from a branch of the United States Armed Forces that reflects pistol qualifications obtained within ten (10) years preceding submittal of the application
3. Evidence that the applicant is a certified firearms instructor at the time of application
4. A certificate showing retirement from a Colorado law enforcement agency that reflects pistol qualifications obtained within ten (10) years preceding submittal of the application

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Verified Firearms Instructor Program

Per C.R.S. 18-12-202.7, each sheriff shall verify as a firearms instructor a person whose principal place to conduct firearms training is in the sheriff's county.

Instructor Verification Requirements:

• Valid Colorado Driver's License or ID
• Valid Colorado Concealed Handgun Permit
• Proof of certification as a firearms instructor (e.g., NRA instructor certificate or Colorado POST instructor certificate)
• Class training location must be within the verifying county
• Concealed handgun training class syllabus/lesson plan
• Completed Verified CHP Firearms Instructor Application

Verification Details:

• Verification is valid for 10 years, provided the instructor's proof of firearms training certification remains valid
• Verification is statewide - a verified instructor may teach students applying in any Colorado county
• Verified instructors are listed publicly on the verifying sheriff's office website
• Instructors must notify the sheriff's office of certification renewals; there is no grace period for expired instructor certifications
• If the instructor's principal place of business changes, they must notify the CHP unit within 30 days

Deceptive Trade Practice (C.R.S. 6-1-707)

It is a deceptive trade practice to claim to be a verified instructor for a firearms safety course that satisfies CHP training requirements unless the person is actually verified by a sheriff pursuant to C.R.S. 18-12-202.7.

Judicial Review of Instructor Verification Denial

Per C.R.S. 18-12-207(4)(a), if a sheriff denies, suspends, or revokes a person's firearms instructor verification, the person may seek judicial review. The sheriff has the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that the person does not meet the requirements.

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General Applicant Eligibility Requirements

• Must be 21 years of age or older
• Must be a resident of the county where applying
• Must provide a valid Colorado Driver's License or Colorado ID
• Must submit proof of required firearms training
• Must successfully complete a background investigation (fingerprints sent to CBI and FBI, Criminal History Review through CBI's InstaCheck System)
• Must not be an unlawful user of or addicted to a controlled substance as defined in C.R.S. 18-18-102(5) and C.R.S. 18-12-203(2)(f) - this includes medical or recreational marijuana users

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Fees (Vary by County)

Note: Fees vary by county. Some counties (e.g., Elbert County) offer free training classes for county residents.

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Key Statutory References

• C.R.S. 18-12-201 through 18-12-215 - Concealed Handgun Permit statutes
• C.R.S. 18-12-202.5 - Training class requirements
• C.R.S. 18-12-202.7 - Verified firearms instructor requirements
• C.R.S. 18-12-203 - Permit eligibility criteria
• C.R.S. 18-12-207 - Judicial review of permit/instructor verification denial
• C.R.S. 18-12-211 - Permit renewal provisions
• C.R.S. 18-12-215 - Immunity provisions
• HB24-1174 - House Bill establishing new training requirements (signed 2024, effective July 1, 2025)
• C.R.S. 6-1-707 - Deceptive trade practice regarding false claims of instructor verification

Colorado Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP) Renewal Process

Overview

Colorado concealed handgun permits are valid for five (5) years from the date of issuance. Renewal is handled by the county sheriff's office in the county where the permit holder currently resides, even if the original permit was issued by a different Colorado county. Out-of-state permits are not eligible for renewal in Colorado; holders must apply as new applicants.

Renewal Timeline

• Earliest renewal: No more than 120 days (approximately 4 months) prior to the permit expiration date. Applications submitted before the 120-day window will be returned/not accepted.
• Grace period after expiration: Permits may be renewed within a 6-month (180-day) grace period after the expiration date, subject to a $15 late fee (per C.R.S. § 18-12-211).
• Permanently expired: A permit that is more than 6 months past its expiration date cannot be renewed under state law. The holder would need to apply as a new applicant.

Training Requirements for Renewal (Effective July 1, 2025 - HB24-1174)

House Bill 24-1174, signed into law in 2024 and effective July 1, 2025, significantly changed renewal training requirements. All renewal applications received on or after July 1, 2025, must comply with the new requirements - there is no grace period for the training mandate.

Standard Renewal Training

A renewal applicant must demonstrate competence with a handgun by submitting one of the following:

1. Refresher Course Certificate - A training certificate from a minimum 2-hour concealed handgun refresher class conducted by a verified instructor (verified by a Colorado Sheriff's Office), obtained within six (6) months prior to submitting the renewal application. The refresher class must include:

   • A written concealed handgun competency exam with a minimum passing score of 80%
   • A live-fire exercise with a minimum passing score of 70% accuracy
   • The certificate must be the original with the printed name and original signature of the verified instructor
   • Alternatively, a certificate from a full 8-hour concealed handgun training class obtained within 6 months is also accepted

2. Organized Shooting Competitions / Active Military / Peace Officer - Evidence of experience with a firearm through participation in organized shooting competitions (within one year), current military service, or current certification as a peace officer pursuant to Article 2.5 of Title 16.

3. Verified Instructor Status - Evidence that, at the time of application, the applicant is a verified instructor.

4. Honorable Military Discharge - Proof of honorable discharge from a branch of the United States Armed Forces that reflects pistol qualifications obtained within the ten (10) years preceding submittal of the renewal form.

5. Retired Colorado Law Enforcement - A certificate showing retirement from a Colorado law enforcement agency that reflects pistol qualifications obtained within the ten (10) years preceding submittal of the renewal form.

Important notes on training:

• Online training and hunter education courses are not accepted
• All classes must be conducted in-person by a verified instructor; no portion of the class may be virtual
• Photocopies, digital versions, carbon copies, or emailed/printed certificates are not accepted - only the original signed certificate

Verified Instructor Requirement (HB24-1174)

As of July 1, 2025, concealed handgun training classes (both initial and refresher) must be conducted by a certified firearms instructor who has been "verified" by a Colorado Sheriff's Office. Key points:

• Instructors must be verified by the sheriff's office in the county where the majority of their training is conducted
• Verification is statewide (a verified instructor from any county is accepted)
• Verified instructors are listed on the respective sheriff's office website
• Verification is valid for 10 years or until the instructor's certification expires

Renewal Fees

Note: Some counties charge additional credit/debit card processing fees (e.g., 2.39%). Payment methods vary by county (cash, check, money order, credit/debit card).

Fee breakdown may vary slightly by county. For example, Park County lists $50 for the permit + $13 for the background investigation = $63 total.

Required Documents for Renewal

1. Completed CHP Renewal Application - Do not sign until your appointment (signature is witnessed by sheriff's office staff)
2. Original training certificate - From a verified instructor, dated within 6 months of application (or qualifying military/law enforcement documentation)
3. Valid Colorado Driver's License or State ID - Must show a current address in the county where you are applying
4. Current concealed handgun permit - Especially required if renewing in a different county than the one that issued the original permit
5. Payment - $63 for current permits; $78 for late renewals

Additional documentation may be required, including proof of address (lease, utility bill), proof of name change (court documents, marriage certificate), etc.

Out-of-County Renewals

If you have moved to a different Colorado county since your permit was issued:

• You must renew in the county where you currently reside (per state law)
• Bring your current permit issued by the previous county
• Standard renewal requirements and fees apply ($63)
• Contact the new county's sheriff's office to schedule an appointment

Name Change During Permit Period

If a renewal applicant has undergone a name change (marriage, divorce, or otherwise) since first acquiring the permit:

• A copy of court documents or marriage certificate must be included with the renewal paperwork
• State law requires a fresh set of fingerprints for renewal applicants who have undergone a name change

Processing Time

Processing times vary by county:

• Boulder County estimates approximately four weeks for renewal permits to be mailed
• New permits may take up to 90 days from fingerprint submission
• Some counties (e.g., Weld County) process renewals on the spot with no waiting period

Address Change Requirement

Permit holders must notify the issuing sheriff's office of a change of address within 30 days of moving. Lost or stolen permits must be reported within 30 days (some counties specify 3 business days for lost/stolen reporting).

Key Statutory References

• C.R.S. Title 18, Article 12, Part 2 - Concealed Handgun Permits
• C.R.S. § 18-12-202.5 - Concealed handgun training class and refresher class requirements
• C.R.S. § 18-12-211 - Late renewal fee provisions
• HB24-1174 - Legislative changes effective July 1, 2025 (verified instructor program, enhanced training requirements, refresher course mandate)

Colorado Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP) - Fees and Costs

Statutory Fee Framework

Under Colorado law, sheriffs are required to establish and collect fees for issuing and renewing concealed handgun permits that reflect the actual direct and indirect costs of processing permit applications.

Maximum Statutory Fees (Sheriff's Portion)

• New Permit: Maximum fee of $100 (§ 18-12-205(2)(b), C.R.S.)
• Renewal Permit: Maximum fee of $50 (§ 18-12-211(1), C.R.S.)

These statutory maximums are in addition to the cost of the required background check. The Colorado Bureau of Investigation (CBI) sets the background check fee amount separately.

Background Check / Processing Fees (Set by CBI)

The background check component typically includes:

• CBI Fingerprint Processing: $17.50
• InstaCheck (NICS): $13.00
• FBI Fingerprint Processing: $22.00

These fees total approximately $52.50 for the background investigation portion.

Total Fees by County (Examples)

Total fees vary by county because each sheriff sets local processing fees within the statutory maximum. Common totals reported by Colorado counties include:

County-Specific Fee Examples

• Arapahoe County: New $152.50; Renewal $63; Late renewal adds $15; Replacement $15
• Boulder County: New $152.50 (plus credit card fees); Renewal $63 (plus credit card fees); Late renewal $78 ($63 + $15 late fee); Replacement $15 (plus credit card fees)
• Morgan County: New $152.50; Renewal $38 (note: this county reports a lower renewal fee)
• San Miguel County: New $105; Renewal $63
• Park County: New $100 permit fee + $52.50 background investigation (paid as separate payments); Late fee $15; Replacement $15

Late Renewal Fee

• A $15 late fee is required by state law for any permit that has expired (§ 18-12-211, C.R.S.).
• No permit may be renewed more than six months after its expiration date. After six months, the permit is deemed permanently expired and the applicant must submit a new application at the full new-permit fee.

Replacement Permit Fee

• $15 for a duplicate or substitute permit if the original is lost, stolen, or destroyed.
• A notarized Lost/Destroyed Permit form must be submitted.
• Lost or stolen permits must be reported to the issuing sheriff's office within 3 business days.

Payment Methods

Accepted payment methods vary by county but generally include:

• Cash
• Personal check, cashier's check, or money order (typically made payable to the county sheriff's office)
• Credit/debit card (often with an additional processing/convenience fee, commonly 2.39% or a flat fee such as $3.95)
• American Express is not accepted in some counties (e.g., Arapahoe County)

Training Course Fees (Separate from Permit Fees)

Training course fees are separate from the permit application fees and are paid directly to the training provider. Per HB24-1174 (effective July 1, 2025), new applicants must complete an 8-hour concealed handgun training class, and renewal applicants must complete a 2-hour refresher class, both from a verified instructor.

Example training costs (vary by provider and county):

• New Permit Training Course: ~$150 (e.g., Clear Creek County Sheriff's Office course)
• Renewal Refresher Course: ~$75 (e.g., Clear Creek County Sheriff's Office course)

Permit Validity

• Permits are valid for five years (§ 18-12-211, C.R.S.).
• Renewal may be submitted up to 120 days before the expiration date.
• A 6-month grace period exists after expiration for late renewal (with the $15 late fee).

Processing Timeline

• By statute, the sheriff has 90 days from receipt of the application to approve or deny the permit.
• In practice, many counties process permits within approximately 4-6 weeks.
• No temporary permits are issued during the processing period.

Key Statutory References

Colorado Weapon Restrictions for Concealed Carry Permit Holders

Prohibited Weapons

Under Colorado law, certain weapons are classified as illegal or restricted:

• Dangerous weapons include items such as machine guns, short rifles, short shotguns, ballistic knives, and rapid-fire devices (C.R.S. 18-12-102)
• Throwing stars and nunchaku are prohibited in public places except for authorized public demonstrations, exhibitions, or organized school/class instruction. When transporting for these purposes, they must be in a closed, non-accessible container (C.R.S. 18-12-106(1)(e))

Large-Capacity Magazine Prohibition

• House Bill 13-1224 prohibits the sale, transfer, and possession of "large-capacity ammunition magazines" in Colorado
• Violation of the large-capacity magazine prohibition is a class 1 misdemeanor (as amended by SB25-003)

Semiautomatic Firearms Restrictions (SB25-003)

Signed by Governor: April 10, 2025 Effective Date: April 10, 2025 (with prohibition on manufacture/sale/purchase effective August 1, 2026)

• "Specified semiautomatic firearm" is defined as a semiautomatic rifle or semiautomatic shotgun with a detachable magazine, or a gas-operated semiautomatic handgun with a detachable magazine (certain models and types are excluded)
• Beginning August 1, 2026, it is prohibited to knowingly manufacture, distribute, transfer, sell, or purchase a specified semiautomatic firearm
• Exceptions include:
  • Transfers to individuals in another state or to federally licensed firearm dealers
  • Transactions involving law enforcement agencies and peace officers
  • Department of corrections, armored vehicle businesses, military forces, gunsmiths
  • Educational programs, historical societies, and museums
  • Transfers by operation of law or due to death
  • Firearms used solely as props for film
  • Persons who completed a hunter education course certified by the Division of Parks and Wildlife and a basic firearms safety course within 5 years before purchase
  • Persons who completed an extended firearms safety course within 5 years before purchase
• Penalties: Unlawful manufacture, distribution, transfer, sale, or purchase is a class 2 misdemeanor; a second or subsequent offense is a class 6 felony
• Rapid-fire devices are classified as dangerous weapons under Colorado law

Prohibited Use of Weapons (C.R.S. 18-12-106)

A person commits a class 2 misdemeanor if they:

• Knowingly and unlawfully aim a firearm at another person
• Recklessly or with criminal negligence discharge a firearm or shoot a bow and arrow
• Knowingly set a loaded gun, trap, or explosive device and leave it unattended
• Possess a firearm while under the influence of intoxicating liquor or a controlled substance - Possession of a concealed handgun permit (CHP) is not a defense to this violation (C.R.S. 18-12-106(1)(d))

Secure Firearm Storage in a Vehicle (HB24-1348)

Signed by Governor: May 15, 2024 Effective Date: January 1, 2025

• Handguns left in an unattended vehicle must be stored in a locked hard-sided container, placed out of plain view, in a locked vehicle, locked trunk, or locked recreational vehicle
• Non-handgun firearms left in an unattended vehicle must be stored in a locked hard-sided or soft-sided container, placed out of plain view, in a locked vehicle, locked trunk, or locked recreational vehicle. If stored in a soft-sided container, a locking device must be installed on the firearm
• Persons with a disability may use a locked soft-sided container for any firearm
• Exceptions:
  • Antique firearms
  • Non-handgun firearms in vehicles used for farm or ranch operations
  • Persons who live in a vehicle or recreational vehicle
  • Peace officers and active members of the armed forces
  • Certain lawful hunting activities
• Violation is a civil infraction

Carrying Firearms in Vehicles (C.R.S. 18-12-105)

• Colorado allows a person to carry a firearm in a vehicle if its use is for lawful protection of such person or another's person or property (C.R.S. 18-12-105(2))
• A person may possess a handgun in a dwelling, place of business, or automobile; however, when carried into a home, business, hotel room, etc., it must be in plain view
• A handgun is not considered concealed when a person is in a private automobile or other private transportation (C.R.S. 18-12-105(2))
• Local jurisdictions may not enact laws that restrict a person's ability to travel with a weapon (C.R.S. 18-12-105.6)

Firearms in Vehicles - Title 33 (Wildlife)

• It is unlawful to have any firearm other than a pistol or revolver in or on any motor vehicle unless the chamber is unloaded

Prohibited Persons - State Prohibitors

The following persons are prohibited from possessing firearms under Colorado law:

• Adjudicated delinquent juveniles for a crime that would be a felony if committed as an adult - prohibited for 10 years from the felony adjudication (C.R.S. 18-12-108(3) and (4)(c))
• Persons who violate private firearms transfer background check requirements - prohibited from possessing a firearm for two years (C.R.S. 18-12-112(9)(a))
• Persons convicted of certain misdemeanor offenses on or after June 19, 2021 - prohibited for five years prior to transfer (C.R.S. 24-33.5-424(3)(b.3)), including:
  • Assault in the third degree (C.R.S. 18-3-204)
  • Sexual assault (C.R.S. 18-3-402(1)(e))
  • Unlawful sexual contact (C.R.S. 18-3-404)
  • Child abuse (C.R.S. 18-6-401)
  • Violation of a protection order (C.R.S. 18-6-803.5(1)(a) and (1)(c)(I))
  • Crime against an at-risk person (C.R.S. 18-6.5-103)
  • Harassment (C.R.S. 18-9-111(1)(a))
  • Bias-motivated crime (C.R.S. 18-9-121)
  • Cruelty to animals (C.R.S. 18-9-202(1)(a) and (1.5))
  • Possession of an illegal weapon (C.R.S. 18-12-102(4))
  • Unlawfully providing a firearm other than a handgun to a juvenile (C.R.S. 18-12-108.7(3))

Prohibited Persons - Federal Prohibitors (18 U.S.C. § 922(g))

The following persons are prohibited from shipping, transporting, receiving, or possessing firearms or ammunition:

• Persons convicted of a crime punishable by imprisonment exceeding one year (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1))
• Fugitives from justice (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(2))
• Unlawful users of or persons addicted to controlled substances (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3))
• Persons adjudicated as mentally defective or committed to a mental institution (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(4))
• Aliens illegally or unlawfully in the United States (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(5))
• Persons dishonorably discharged from the Armed Forces (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(6))
• Persons who have renounced U.S. citizenship (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(7))
• Persons subject to certain domestic restraining orders (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8))
• Persons convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9))
• Persons under indictment for a crime punishable by imprisonment exceeding one year (18 U.S.C. § 922(n))

Firearms on Federal Lands in Colorado

• National Forests: Firearms may be carried but may not be discharged within 150 yards of a residence, building, campsite, developed recreation site, or occupied area; across or on a Forest Development road or adjacent body of water; or into or within any cave (36 CFR 261.10(d))
• National Parks: Firearms possession must comply with Colorado state law (16 USC 1a-7b). Firearms are prohibited in federal facilities within parks (18 USC 930)

Open Carry

• Open carry of firearms is regulated by local county and municipal authorities. There is no statewide preemption for open carry, and individuals should check local municipal codes for restrictions.

No Gun Registration

• Colorado prohibits gun registration (C.R.S. 29-11.7-102)

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Federal context

Lautenberg Amendment - 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9). A misdemeanor crime of domestic violence (MCDV) - any misdemeanor that has, as an element, the use or attempted use of physical force or the threatened use of a deadly weapon, committed against a current or former spouse, parent, guardian, person with a child in common, cohabitant, or similarly situated person - triggers a federal LIFETIME firearm-possession bar that is independent of state law. The Lautenberg disability applies even when the state-court conviction did not involve a firearm and even when no firearm-related penalty was imposed at sentencing. United States v. Rahimi (2024) confirmed the constitutionality of related federal § 922(g)(8) DV-restraining-order disabilities under the Bruen historical-tradition test.

Carrying a Firearm Under the Influence in Colorado

Statutory Prohibition

Under C.R.S. § 18-12-106(1)(d), a person commits a class 2 misdemeanor if:

"The person has in his or her possession a firearm while the person is under the influence of intoxicating liquor or of a controlled substance, as defined in section 18-18-102(5)."

Key Legal Points

Concealed Carry Permit Is Not a Defense

Possession of a concealed carry permit issued pursuant to Part 2 of Article 12 (or a temporary emergency permit) is not a defense to a violation of this subsection. The statute explicitly states:

"Possession of a permit issued under section 18-12-105.1, as it existed prior to its repeal, or possession of a permit or a temporary emergency permit issued pursuant to part 2 of this article is no defense to a violation of this subsection (1)."

Strict Liability Offense

Colorado courts have held that possession of a firearm while intoxicated is a strict liability offense. In People v. Wilson, 972 P.2d 701 (Colo. App. 1998), the court ruled that the trial court did not err in refusing to instruct the jury that "knowingly" was an element of the offense.

Definition of "Possession"

The common sense definition of "possession" as used in C.R.S. § 18-12-106(1)(d) is the actual or physical control of a firearm. (People v. Garcia, 197 Colo. 550, 595 P.2d 228 (1979))

"Under the Influence" Standard

The statute does not specifically define "under the influence of intoxicating liquor" for purposes of this section. However, in People v. Beckett, 782 P.2d 812 (Colo. App. 1989), aff'd, 800 P.2d 74 (Colo. 1990), the court found that the failure to define "under the influence of intoxicating liquor" was harmless error where the defendant testified he was too drunk to drive.

Additionally, in People v. Koper, 2018 COA 137, the court held that the trial court did not err in rejecting defendant's jury instructions and expert testimony regarding blood alcohol content inferences and presumptions, as those are not incorporated under the prohibited possession of a firearm statute (i.e., the DUI BAC presumptions do not automatically apply to this firearms offense).

Self-Defense Is Not a Valid Defense

Self-defense is not a valid defense to the crime of prohibited use of weapons under this statute. (People v. Beckett, 782 P.2d 812 (Colo. App. 1989), aff'd, 800 P.2d 74 (Colo. 1990))

Substances Covered

The prohibition applies to being under the influence of:

• Intoxicating liquor (alcohol)
• A controlled substance as defined in C.R.S. § 18-18-102(5)

Constitutional Considerations

The Colorado Supreme Court has upheld this statute, finding that:

• The section is neither unconstitutionally overbroad nor unconstitutionally vague. (People v. Garcia, 197 Colo. 550, 595 P.2d 228)
• The right to bear arms is not absolute and can be restricted by the state's valid exercise of its police power. (People v. Garcia, 197 Colo. 550, 595 P.2d 228 (1979))

Penalty

Violation of C.R.S. § 18-12-106(1)(d) is a class 2 misdemeanor.

Summary for Concealed Carry Permit Holders

• It is illegal to possess a firearm while under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance in Colorado.
• Having a valid concealed carry permit does not exempt you from this law.
• This is a strict liability offense - no specific mental state (mens rea) regarding intoxication is required.
• Self-defense is not an available defense to this charge.
• DUI-related BAC presumptions do not directly apply to this firearms statute.

Colorado Firearm Storage Requirements

Safe Storage on Premises (§ 18-12-114, C.R.S.)

Colorado law requires that firearms be responsibly and securely stored when not in use to prevent access by unsupervised juveniles and other unauthorized users.

It is unlawful to fail to responsibly and securely store a firearm upon any premises that a person owns or controls when:

• The person knows or reasonably should know that a juvenile can gain access to the firearm without the permission of the juvenile's parent or guardian; or
• A resident of the premises is ineligible to possess a firearm pursuant to state or federal law.

Penalty: Failure to comply is a class 2 misdemeanor.

Safe Storage in Vehicles (§ 18-12-114.5, C.R.S.)

Colorado law prohibits knowingly leaving a firearm in an unattended vehicle unless specific storage requirements are met:

• The firearm must be stored in a locked container, and the container must be in:
  • A locked vehicle;
  • The locked trunk of a locked vehicle; or
  • A locked recreational vehicle.

Additional Requirements by Firearm Type:

Handguns:

• The storage container must be hard-sided (unless the owner is disabled)
• The container must be placed out of plain view

Non-Handgun Firearms (long guns, etc.):

• The storage container may be hard-sided or soft-sided
• If stored in a soft-sided container, the firearm must have a locking device installed while stored

Penalty: Unsafe storage of a firearm in a vehicle is a civil infraction.

Reporting Lost or Stolen Firearms (§ 18-12-113, C.R.S.)

A person who owns a firearm that has been lost or stolen must report the loss or theft to a law enforcement agency within five days after discovering the loss or theft.

Penalties:

• First offense: Civil infraction, punishable by a $25 fine
• Second or subsequent offense: Misdemeanor punishable by a maximum $500 fine

Relevance to Concealed Carry Permit Holders

These storage requirements apply to all firearm owners in Colorado, including concealed carry permit holders. Permit holders should be particularly aware of the vehicle storage requirements, as carrying a concealed handgun in a vehicle is common practice. When a concealed handgun is not being carried on the person and is left in an unattended vehicle, it must comply with the locked hard-sided container requirements outlined in § 18-12-114.5, C.R.S.

Key Statutory References

Colorado Transportation Laws for Firearms

General Vehicle Transportation

Colorado law allows a person to carry a firearm in a vehicle if its use is for lawful protection of such person or another person's person or property. [C.R.S. §18-12-105(2)]

Colorado law also allows a person to possess a handgun in a dwelling, place of business, or automobile. However, when you carry the weapon into your home, business, hotel room, etc., it must be in plain view. [C.R.S. §18-12-105(2)]

Concealed Carry in Vehicles

A concealed handgun permit (CHP) is not required when a person is in a private automobile or other private transportation - a handgun is not considered concealed in that context. [C.R.S. §18-12-105(2)]

However, if a person does hold a CHP, the permit and a valid photo identification must be carried with the handgun at all times.

Local Preemption

Local jurisdictions may not enact laws that restrict a person's ability to travel with a weapon. [C.R.S. §18-12-105.6]

Title 33 - Wildlife Regulations

Under Colorado's wildlife statutes, you may carry a weapon in your vehicle. However, it is unlawful to have any firearm, other than a pistol or revolver, in or on any motor vehicle unless the chamber is unloaded. This means:

• Pistols and revolvers may be carried loaded in a vehicle.
• Rifles, shotguns, and other long guns must have an unloaded chamber when in or on a motor vehicle.

Secure Firearm Storage in a Vehicle (HB24-1348)

Effective January 1, 2025, Colorado enacted new requirements for storing firearms in unattended vehicles:

Handguns

• A person is prohibited from knowingly leaving a handgun in an unattended vehicle unless:
  • The handgun is stored in a locked hard-sided container
  • The container is placed out of plain view
  • The container is in a locked vehicle, the locked trunk of a locked vehicle, or a locked recreational vehicle

Firearms Other Than Handguns (Long Guns)

• A person is prohibited from knowingly leaving a non-handgun firearm in an unattended vehicle unless:
  • The firearm is stored in a locked hard-sided or soft-sided container
  • The container is placed out of plain view
  • The container is in a locked vehicle, the locked trunk of a locked vehicle, or a locked recreational vehicle
  • If stored in a soft-sided container, a locking device must be installed on the firearm

Exceptions to Vehicle Storage Requirements

• Persons with a disability who store a firearm in a locked soft-sided container do not violate the hard-sided container requirement
• Antique firearms
• Non-handgun firearms in a vehicle being used for farm or ranch operations
• A person who lives in a vehicle or in a recreational vehicle
• Peace officers and active members of the armed forces
• Certain activities related to lawful hunting

Penalty

• Unsafe storage of a firearm in a vehicle is a civil infraction

Transportation Through National Parks

In accordance with 16 USC §1a-7b, in any national park, a person may possess a firearm if such possession is in compliance with the laws of the state in which the national park is located. Therefore, Colorado's laws apply in national parks within the state.

However, under 18 USC §930, firearms are prohibited within "Federal facilities" (buildings or parts thereof owned or leased by the Federal Government where Federal employees are regularly present for official duties). In national parks, such facilities may include visitor centers, administrative offices, and maintenance buildings. These facilities will be clearly marked with signs at all public entrances.

Transportation in National Forests

While visiting National Forests in Colorado, you may carry a weapon. However, in addition to state laws, you must comply with Federal Regulations pertaining to the use of a firearm on National Forest System lands.

A firearm may not be discharged in the following National Forest areas per 36 CFR §261.10(d):

1. Within 150 yards of a residence, building, campsite, developed recreation site, or occupied area
2. Across or on a Forest Development road or an adjacent body of water, or in any manner or place whereby any person or property is exposed to injury or damage
3. Into or within any cave

Recent Legislation Note - SB25-003 (Signed April 10, 2025)

While not directly a transportation law, SB25-003 prohibits the manufacture, distribution, transfer, sale, and purchase of specified semiautomatic firearms (effective August 1, 2026) with certain exceptions including completion of approved firearms safety courses. This may affect what firearms can be legally acquired and subsequently transported in Colorado. Persons who already lawfully possess such firearms are not prohibited from continued possession or transportation under existing law.

Colorado State Preemption of Firearm Laws

Historical Background

Colorado historically had a state preemption statute (C.R.S. § 29-11.7-103) that generally prohibited local governments from enacting firearms regulations that were inconsistent with or more restrictive than state law. This preemption framework was significantly altered in 2021.

SB21-256: Local Regulation of Firearms (2021)

On June 19, 2021, Governor Jared Polis signed SB21-256 into law, fundamentally changing Colorado's preemption landscape for firearms regulation.

Key Provisions of SB21-256:

• Declares that the regulation of firearms is a matter of both state and local concern, effectively removing the prior blanket state preemption.

• Permits local governments to enact ordinances, regulations, or other laws governing or prohibiting the sale, purchase, transfer, or possession of a firearm, ammunition, or firearm component or accessory.

• Floor, not ceiling: Local ordinances, regulations, or laws may not be less restrictive than state law - meaning local governments can impose stricter regulations but cannot loosen state-level requirements.

• Criminal penalty limitations: A local law may only impose a criminal penalty for a violation upon a person who knew or reasonably should have known that the person's conduct was prohibited.

Concealed Carry Provisions:

• Local governments (including special districts) and governing boards of institutions of higher education are permitted to enact ordinances, resolutions, rules, or other regulations that prohibit a concealed handgun permit holder from carrying a concealed handgun in a building or specific area within the local government's or governing board's jurisdiction.

• For special districts, the prohibition applies to buildings or specific areas under the direct control or management of the district.

• Violations of local concealed carry restrictions may only result in a civil penalty (not criminal).

• The maximum fine for a first offense is $50.

Practical Impact on Concealed Carry Permit Holders

As a result of SB21-256, concealed carry permit holders in Colorado must be aware that:

1. Firearms regulations may vary by locality. Different cities, counties, and special districts may have enacted their own firearms ordinances that are more restrictive than state law.

2. Local governments can designate specific buildings and areas as off-limits for concealed carry, even for valid permit holders.

3. Institutions of higher education may independently restrict concealed carry on their campuses.

Examples of Local Ordinances Enacted Under SB21-256

Several Colorado municipalities have enacted local firearms ordinances following the passage of SB21-256:

• City of Boulder: Has enacted gun violence prevention ordinances, including an assault weapons ban and restrictions on concealed carry in certain city properties and areas.

• City of Lafayette: The Lafayette City Council has approved firearm safety ordinances under the authority granted by SB21-256.

Other municipalities across Colorado have similarly adopted or considered local firearms regulations.

Key Statutory References

Important Notes for Permit Holders

• Check local ordinances before carrying in any Colorado municipality, as regulations now vary by jurisdiction.
• Local restrictions on concealed carry in specific buildings or areas carry only civil penalties (maximum $50 fine for first offense), not criminal penalties.
• State law remains the minimum standard - no local government may enact laws that are less restrictive than state firearms laws.
• The legal landscape continues to evolve as municipalities adopt new ordinances and legal challenges proceed through the courts.

Red Flag Law / Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs)

Primary Statute: Article 14.5 of Title 13, C.R.S. (§ 13-14.5-101 et seq.)

Overview

Colorado's "Red Flag" law, formally known as the Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) statute, was enacted in 2019 (HB 19-1177) and expanded in 2023 (SB 23-170). An ERPO is a civil court order that prohibits a person who poses a significant risk of causing personal injury to self or others in the near future from:

• Having firearms in their custody or control
• Purchasing, possessing, or receiving any firearm

A person subject to an ERPO (the "respondent") must surrender all firearms in their possession or control. ERPOs also require the respondent to surrender any concealed carry permits.

Who May Petition for an ERPO

The following individuals or entities may file a petition requesting an ERPO (expanded by SB 23-170 in 2023):

• Family or household member of the respondent
• Law enforcement officer or agency
• Licensed medical care provider
• Licensed mental health-care provider
• Licensed educator
• District attorney

Temporary ERPO Process

1. No prior notice to the respondent is required to request a temporary ERPO
2. Upon filing a petition, the court must hold a hearing in person or by telephone on the same day the petition is filed, or on the next court day
3. Standard of proof: The court must find that the respondent poses a significant risk of causing personal injury to self or others in the near future
4. If the standard is met, the court shall issue a temporary ERPO

Full ERPO Hearing and Duration

1. Within 14 days after issuing a temporary ERPO, the court must:
   • Schedule a full hearing
   • Provide the respondent with notice of the hearing
   • Appoint an attorney for the respondent at the court's expense
2. If the court finds the respondent poses a significant risk of causing personal injury to self or others, it shall issue an ERPO for a period of 364 days
3. An ERPO automatically expires at the end of its term
4. An ERPO may be renewed for up to one additional year upon petition

Respondent's Right to Request Termination

• A respondent may request termination of the ERPO once during the period that the order is in effect
• The court shall terminate the ERPO if the respondent establishes that they no longer pose a significant risk of causing personal injury to self or others

Impact on Concealed Carry Permit Holders

Concealed carry permit holders subject to an ERPO must:

• Surrender their concealed carry permit for the duration of the order
• Relinquish all firearms in their possession or control
• Refrain from purchasing or possessing any firearms while the order is in effect

Related Firearm Relinquishment Provisions

Colorado law includes additional firearm prohibition provisions that may interact with ERPOs:

• Domestic violence protection orders (§ 13-14-105.5, § 18-1-1001(9)): When a protection order arises from domestic violence involving the threat, use, or attempted use of physical force, the court must prohibit firearm and ammunition possession and require relinquishment
• Criminal protection orders (§ 18-1-1001(3)): In domestic violence and Victim Rights Act cases, courts may prohibit firearm possession
• Detailed procedures for firearm relinquishment - including transfer to law enforcement, federally licensed dealers, or eligible private parties - are codified in § 18-1-1001(9)(d)-(m)

Key Distinctions

Legislative History

• 2019: HB 19-1177 - Original ERPO law enacted
• 2023: SB 23-170 - Expanded the list of individuals and entities eligible to petition for an ERPO

Relevant Statutes

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Federal context

United States v. Rahimi (2024). In United States v. Rahimi, 602 U.S. ___ (2024), the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the federal firearm prohibition at 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8) for persons subject to a qualifying domestic-violence restraining order, holding the federal disability survives the historical-tradition test of N.Y. State Rifle & Pistol Ass'n v. Bruen, 597 U.S. 1 (2022). Rahimi is the controlling SCOTUS authority on the constitutionality of federal firearm disabilities tied to domestic-violence findings; it bears on any state-level red-flag / ERPO analysis to the extent those frameworks borrow federal § 922(g)(8) prohibitor mechanics.

NFA Items in Colorado

Federal NFA Framework

The National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA; 26 U.S.C. §§5801 et seq.) regulates certain categories of firearms through registration and taxation requirements. These items are commonly referred to as "NFA items" or "NFA firearms."

NFA-Regulated Items

Per 26 U.S.C. §5845, the NFA covers the following weapons:

• Short-barreled shotguns: A shotgun having a barrel or barrels of less than 18 inches in length, or a weapon made from a shotgun with an overall length of less than 26 inches or barrel(s) less than 18 inches
• Short-barreled rifles: A rifle having a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length, or a weapon made from a rifle with an overall length of less than 26 inches or barrel(s) less than 16 inches
• Machine guns: Any weapon which shoots, is designed to shoot, or can be readily restored to shoot, automatically more than one shot, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger, including the frame/receiver and conversion parts (26 U.S.C. §5845(b))
• Silencers/Suppressors: Any device for silencing, muffling, or diminishing the report of a portable firearm, including any combination of parts designed or intended for use in assembling or fabricating such a device (18 U.S.C. §921(a)(24))
• Destructive devices: Bombs, grenades, rockets, mines, and firearms with barrel bores greater than one-half inch (with exceptions for sporting shotguns)
• Any Other Weapon (AOW): Weapons capable of being concealed on the person from which a shot can be discharged through the energy of an explosive (e.g., pen guns, cane guns, belt-buckle guns)

Colorado State Law on NFA Items

Colorado does not have state-level prohibitions on NFA items that are lawfully possessed under federal law. NFA items including short-barreled rifles, short-barreled shotguns, suppressors/silencers, and destructive devices may be possessed in Colorado provided they are properly registered and transferred in compliance with federal NFA requirements.

Note: Machine guns manufactured after May 19, 1986, are prohibited from transfer to civilians under the Firearms Owners' Protection Act of 1986 (18 U.S.C. §922(o)). Only machine guns lawfully possessed before that date may be transferred to private individuals.

NFA Transfer and Making Taxes

Current Law (Effective January 1, 2026 under P.L. 119-21)

P.L. 119-21 (the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act") sets a $0 tax rate for the making or transfer of all NFA firearms that are not machine guns or destructive devices. This means:

• Silencers/Suppressors: $0 transfer and making tax (effective January 1, 2026)
• Short-barreled rifles: $0 transfer and making tax (effective January 1, 2026)
• Short-barreled shotguns: $0 transfer and making tax (effective January 1, 2026)
• Any Other Weapons (AOW): $0 transfer and making tax (effective January 1, 2026)
• Machine guns: $200 transfer tax remains (making by civilians still prohibited post-1986)
• Destructive devices: $200 transfer and making tax remains

Important: P.L. 119-21 does not repeal the NFA or its implementing regulations. The following requirements remain in place:

• Special occupational tax for dealers, manufacturers, and importers
• ATF approval required prior to making or transferring NFA firearms
• Background check requirements for purchasers
• Registration of NFA firearms in the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record (NFRTR)
• Criminal penalties for possessing an unregistered NFA firearm (26 U.S.C. §5861)

Prior Tax Rates (Before P.L. 119-21)

• $200 making and transfer tax for most NFA firearms (established in 1934, never increased)
• $5 transfer tax for items classified as "any other weapon"

NFA Registration and Transfer Process

To acquire an NFA firearm in Colorado, individuals must:

1. Complete ATF Form 4 (Application for Tax Paid Transfer and Registration of Firearm) for transfers, or ATF Form 1 for making an NFA firearm
2. Submit photographs and fingerprints to ATF for identity verification
3. Undergo a background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)
4. Receive ATF approval before taking possession of the NFA firearm
5. The approved application serves as the registrant's proof of registration and must be made available to any ATF officer upon request

Tax-Exempt Transfers

Certain NFA firearm transfers are tax-exempt under 26 U.S.C. §§5852-5853, including:

• Transfers to a lawful heir from an estate
• Transfers between federal firearms licensees who are also Special Occupational Taxpayers (SOTs)
• Transfers of unserviceable firearms (incapable of discharging a shot and incapable of being readily restored to firing condition)
• Transfers to or from government entities

Tax-exempt transfers use ATF Form 5 (Application for Tax Exempt Transfer and Registration of Firearm).

Persons Prohibited from Possessing NFA Firearms

The same categories of prohibited persons under 18 U.S.C. §922(g) apply to NFA firearms. Prohibited persons include those who:

• Have been convicted of a crime punishable by imprisonment exceeding one year
• Are fugitives from justice
• Are unlawful users of or addicted to controlled substances
• Have been adjudicated as mentally defective or committed to a mental institution
• Are illegal aliens
• Have been dishonorably discharged from the Armed Forces
• Have renounced U.S. citizenship
• Are subject to certain domestic violence restraining orders
• Have been convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence

Interstate Movement

If the NFA firearm is a machine gun, short-barreled rifle, short-barreled shotgun, or destructive device, the registrant may be required by 18 U.S.C. §922(a)(4) to obtain permission from ATF prior to any transportation in interstate or foreign commerce.

Penalties for NFA Violations

Any person who violates or fails to comply with any NFA requirement shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both. Any firearm involved in a violation is subject to seizure and forfeiture.

Pending Legislation

• H.R. 2395 (SHORT Act) - Introduced March 27, 2025, in the 119th Congress. This bill would remove short-barreled rifles, short-barreled shotguns, and "any other weapons" from the NFA definition of "firearm" entirely, leaving only machine guns, silencers, and destructive devices regulated under the NFA. The bill would also preempt state and local taxes and registration requirements on short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and require destruction of related NFRTR records within 365 days. Status: Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on the Judiciary.

• NFA Constitutional Challenges - Following enactment of P.L. 119-21, lawsuits have been filed challenging the constitutionality of NFA registration requirements for untaxed firearms, arguing that without the tax, the NFA's registration provisions lack constitutional authority under the Taxing Clause and violate the Second Amendment. These cases are in early stages as of September 2025.

Special Occupational Tax (SOT)

To deal in NFA firearms, an individual must hold both a Federal Firearms License (FFL) under the Gun Control Act and pay a Special Occupational Tax under the NFA:

• Class I (Importers): $1,000/year (reduced rate for gross receipts under $500,000)
• Class II (Manufacturers): $1,000/year (reduced rate for gross receipts under $500,000)
• Class III (Dealers): $500/year
• FFL license fee for NFA dealers: $3,000 initial and renewal every three years

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Federal context

Bump stocks - Garland v. Cargill (2024). In Garland v. Cargill, 602 U.S. ___ (2024), the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the federal regulation classifying bump stocks as machineguns under the National Firearms Act. As a matter of FEDERAL law, bump stocks are no longer NFA-regulated. State law may still independently restrict bump stocks; consult your state's RESTRICTIONS section for any state-level bump-stock prohibition.

P.L. 119-21 NFA tax (2026). Effective January 1, 2026, P.L. 119-21 (the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, signed July 4, 2025) reduced the federal NFA making and transfer tax to $0 for silencers, SBRs, SBSs, and AOWs. Machine guns and destructive devices retain the $200 tax. The federal registration requirements (Form 1 / Form 4, fingerprints, photographs, CLEO notice) remain unchanged.

Additional Resources for Colorado Concealed Carry

Key State Statutes

• C.R.S. Title 18, Article 12 - Offenses Relating to Firearms and Weapons (primary concealed carry statutes)
• C.R.S. § 18-12-101 - Definitions (dangerous weapon, handgun, etc.)
• C.R.S. § 18-12-102 - Possessing a dangerous or illegal weapon (prohibited weapons and possession restrictions)
• C.R.S. § 18-12-112 - Private firearms transfers (requires background check through a licensed dealer for all private sales and transfers; referenced in protection order relinquishment procedures)
• C.R.S. § 18-1-1001 - Protection orders against defendants (mandatory protection order provisions, including firearm relinquishment requirements - see detailed section below)
• C.R.S. § 18-6-800.3 - Definition of domestic violence
• C.R.S. § 18-6-803.5 - Violation of protection orders (criminal penalties for non-compliance, including failure to relinquish firearms)
• C.R.S. § 18-1.3-406 - Mandatory sentences for violent crimes - defines "crime of violence" (use or threatened use of a deadly weapon causing serious bodily injury or death), requires sentencing to the Department of Corrections at minimum the midpoint of the presumptive range. An additional consecutive 5-year sentence applies for use of a dangerous weapon or semiautomatic assault weapon (detachable magazine, 20+ round capacity) per § 18-1.3-406(7).

Firearm Relinquishment Under Protection Orders (C.R.S. § 18-1-1001(9))

When a mandatory protection order is issued in a domestic violence case involving the threat, use, or attempted use of physical force, the court must order the defendant to:

1. Refrain from possessing or purchasing any firearm or ammunition for the duration of the order
2. Relinquish all firearms and ammunition within 24 hours (excluding holidays and weekends) of being served
3. File a sworn affidavit within 7 business days listing all firearms (make, model, quantity, location) or attesting to non-possession
4. Attend a compliance hearing scheduled by the court

Relinquishment options (per § 18-1-1001(9)(d)):

• Sell or transfer to a federally licensed firearms dealer (FFL)
• Store with law enforcement or a contracted storage facility (agency may charge a fee not exceeding direct/indirect costs)
• Transfer to a private party who may legally possess firearms - must comply with § 18-12-112 background check requirements; cannot transfer to someone living in the same residence

Key enforcement provisions:

• Failure to relinquish or file the required affidavit constitutes a violation of the protection order under § 18-6-803.5(1)(c) and triggers an arrest warrant
• Possessing or attempting to purchase firearms while the order is in effect is also a violation
• The court may issue a search warrant if there is probable cause to believe the defendant failed to relinquish all firearms
• Return of firearms requires a criminal background check through the Colorado Bureau of Investigation (CBI), regardless of the storage method

Recent and Pending Legislation

Enacted Legislation

• HB24-1174 - Concealed Carry Permits & Training (enacted; affects CHP training requirements - Park County's CHP brochure was revised April 2025 to reflect these changes)
• SB24-131 - Prohibiting Carrying Firearms in Sensitive Spaces (enacted; restricts concealed carry in designated sensitive locations)
• HB22-1086 - The Vote Without Fear Act (enacted; restricts firearms at polling places and ballot drop-off locations)

Pending Legislation (2025 Session)

• SB25-003 - Semiautomatic Firearms & Rapid-Fire Devices
• HB25-1164 - Constitutional Carry of Handgun (would allow concealed carry without a permit)

Historical Constitutional Carry Proposals (all failed)

• SB18-097 - Concealed Handgun Carry With No Permit
• HB22-1033 - Constitutional Carry Of A Handgun
• HCR23-1003 - Constitutional Concealed Carry Of A Handgun

Note: Colorado has seen multiple constitutional carry proposals in recent legislative sessions. None have been enacted as of April 2026.

Other Related Legislation

• HB21-1120 - License Private Security Guards (licensing requirements for armed private security)

Law Enforcement Integrity (SB20-217)

Effective July 1, 2023, this legislation requires:

• Body-worn cameras for all local law enforcement officers and Colorado State Patrol (except those working in jails, administrative/civilian staff, executive detail, and courtrooms)
• Activation requirements: Officers must activate cameras when responding to calls for service or initiating any public interaction for law enforcement purposes
• Recording release: All recordings of incidents must be released to the public within 21 days of receiving a misconduct complaint (subject to specified privacy redactions)
• Annual reporting to the Division of Criminal Justice, including all use-of-force incidents resulting in death or serious bodily injury, officer resignations during investigations, contact data, and unannounced entry data
• P.O.S.T. certification: Permanent revocation for officers convicted of unlawful use of force or failure to intervene; the P.O.S.T. board maintains a searchable database of officer untruthfulness, training failures, decertifications, and terminations for cause
• Use of force standards: Limits on physical and deadly force; chokeholds prohibited; duty to intervene when another officer uses unlawful force
• Civil liability: Persons whose constitutional rights are violated by a peace officer may bring a civil action; qualified immunity is not a defense; officers may be personally liable for up to 5% of judgment or $25,000 if employer determines officer did not act in good faith
• Protest protections: Prohibits indiscriminate discharge of kinetic impact projectiles into crowds; chemical agents require a dispersal order with sufficient time to comply

Colorado General Assembly Resources

• Find My Legislator: https://leg.colorado.gov/find-my-legislator
• Find a Bill: https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/bill-search
• How a Bill Becomes a Law: https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/how_a_bill_becomes_a_law_accessible.pdf

County Sheriff's Office Contacts (for CHP Applications)

Concealed Handgun Permits are issued by the sheriff of the county in which the applicant resides. Below are select county contacts:

Teller County Sheriff's Office

• CHP Appointments: 719-304-5706 (by appointment only - no exceptions)
• Address: 11400 W Highway 24, Divide, CO 80814
• Mailing Address: P.O. Box 27, Divide, CO 80814
• General Phone: 719-687-9652 | Fax: 719-687-7927
• Website: https://www.tellercounty.gov/Apply-for-a-Concealed-Carry-Permit
• Available Forms: CHP Application, Lost/Address Change Form, Alien Supplementary Questionnaire, Retired LEO Application & Instructions, Verified Instructor Application
• Verified Concealed Carry Instructors (as of source date):
  • Robert Camilleri III (VI#25001, exp. 1/31/2035)
  • Eric Stone (VI#25002, exp. 1/31/2035)
  • Amanda Camilleri (VI#25003, exp. 3/31/2035)
  • Sven Bonnelycke (VI#25004, exp. 3/31/2035)
  • Daryl Collings (VI#25005, exp. 4/30/2035)
  • William Peterson (VI#25006, exp. 4/30/2035)
  • Robert Tyler (VI#25007, exp. 6/30/2035)
  • Mike Holler (VI#25008, exp. 8/31/2035)
  • Isaiah Breaux (VI#25009, exp. 10/31/2035)

Park County Sheriff's Office

• CHP Appointments: Shawn Welsh, 719-836-4109
• Physical Address: 1180 County Road 16, Fairplay, CO 80440 (no mail receptacle)
• Mailing Address: P.O. Box 604, Fairplay, CO 80440
• Main Office: 719-836-2494

Boulder County Sheriff's Office

• Address: 5600 Flatiron Parkway, Boulder, CO 80301
• Online Portal: Permitium portal for applications and address changes
• Website: https://bouldercounty.gov/safety/firearms/concealed-handgun-permit

Adams County Sheriff's Office

• Email: [email protected]
• Website: https://adamssheriffco.gov/concealed-handgun-permits
• Address Change/Name Change/Lost & Stolen Form: Download PDF
• Moving before permit is processed: You do not need to reapply in your new county. Submit an address change form with a note in the comments section that you have not received your permit yet, and email it to [email protected].

Weld County Sheriff's Office

• Contact: Sandra De Peralta - [email protected], (970) 400-2864
• Southwest Substation Appointment: (720) 652-4215
• Retired Law Enforcement Contact: Deputy J.D. Broderius - [email protected], (970) 400-4027
• Fax: (970) 304-6467

Important Permit Holder Reminders

Address Changes Within Colorado

• 30-day requirement: Within 30 days after changing the address on your permit, you must notify the issuing Sheriff's Office by submitting a change of address form (required by state law).
• Submit the Change of Address Form to the county that originally issued your permit, even if you are moving to a different county.
• No charge for address changes.
• No notarization required.
• No new card is issued.

Moving Out of State

• Submit a Change of Address Form to the issuing county.
• Your permit becomes invalid once you become a resident of another state (e.g., by obtaining that state's driver's license).
• You must return your permit to the issuing sheriff's office.
• No charge for the address change filing.
• No notarization required.

Available Forms (Varies by County)

• Concealed Handgun Permit Application
• Concealed Handgun Lost or Address Change Form
• Address Change / Name Change / Lost & Stolen Combined Form
• Alien Supplementary Questionnaire
• Retired/Separated Law Enforcement Officers (LEO) Application
• Instructions for Concealed Handgun Permit - Retired LEO Applicant
• Example Letter from Applicant's Agency (for retired LEO)
• Verified Concealed Handgun Instructor Application
• Verified Concealed Handgun Instructor Information Packet