Kentucky Concealed Carry Laws Overview

Permitless (Constitutional) Carry

As of June 28, 2019, pursuant to 2019 Senate Bill 150, any person age twenty-one (21) or older who is otherwise able to lawfully possess a firearm may carry concealed firearms or other concealed deadly weapons without a license in the same locations as persons with a valid Kentucky CCDW license issued under KRS 237.110.

Who Can Carry Concealed Without a License

• Any person over 21 years of age who is eligible to lawfully possess a firearm under both state and federal law
• Persons under age 21 may be eligible to possess a firearm but are not allowed to carry it concealed in Kentucky
• Persons over 21 who are not eligible to lawfully possess a firearm may legally possess other deadly weapons but are not permitted to carry any deadly weapon concealed
• Visitors to Kentucky who are residents of other states or foreign countries may carry concealed if they are eligible to possess a firearm under the laws of the United States and the Commonwealth of Kentucky, without regard to their citizenship or state of residence

CCDW License (Carry Concealed Deadly Weapons)

Although permitless carry is legal in Kentucky, the state continues to issue CCDW licenses through the Department of Kentucky State Police under KRS 237.110.

Reasons to Obtain a CCDW License

• Most other states still require a license for concealed carry; Kentucky's permitless carry laws do not apply out of state
• A CCDW license serves as a substitute for the NICS background check when purchasing a firearm from a licensed dealer
• Provides the holder with training and familiarity with gun laws
• Required for reciprocity recognition in other states

License Details

• Validity: 5 years from the date of issuance (unless suspended or revoked)
• Application Fee: $60 total ($20 to the sheriff of the county of residence; $40 check/money order payable to the Kentucky State Treasurer)
• Renewal Fee: $60 (same allocation as application fee)
• Late Renewal Fee: Additional $15 if renewed after expiration date
• Duplicate License Fee: $15
• Processing Time: Kentucky State Police shall issue a license or send a denial notice within 90 days after receipt of a completed application
• Issuing Authority: Department of Kentucky State Police
• Active and retired peace officers meeting requirements of KRS 237.110(7) are exempt from application and renewal fees

Application Requirements

• Must be completed at the sheriff's office in the applicant's county of residence
• Application completed under oath including name, address, date of birth, gender, and Social Security number
• Recent color photograph meeting specified standards
• Photocopy of a certificate of completion of a firearms training course offered or approved by the Department of Criminal Justice Training
• Non-U.S. citizens must complete a Citizenship Affidavit (KSP 131)
• Online application available at the KSP CCDW portal

Training Requirements

• Completion of a firearms training course approved by the Department of Criminal Justice Training is required
• A valid training certificate is good for life
• Training waivers are available for:
  • Currently certified Kentucky peace officers (KRS 15.380–15.404)
  • Retired Kentucky peace officers who are members of qualifying retirement systems
  • Current and retired federal peace officers from agencies specified in KRS 61.365 or who completed required basic law enforcement training
  • Military peace officers who completed required military law enforcement training
  • Certain corrections officers from consolidated local or urban-county governments
  • Active or honorably discharged U.S. military service members who successfully completed handgun training or qualification
• No transfer of out-of-state training or licenses is authorized

Renewal Process

• Written notice of expiration and renewal form mailed 120 days prior to expiration
• License permanently expires 6 months after the expiration date and cannot be renewed; the person must reapply (KRS 237.110(14)(c))

Weapons Covered Under the CCDW License

As defined by KRS 500.080, deadly weapons covered include:

• Any weapon from which a shot, readily capable of producing death or serious physical injury, may be discharged
• Any knife other than an ordinary pocket knife or hunting knife
• Billy, nightstick, or club
• Blackjack or slapjack
• Nunchaku karate sticks
• Shiriken or death star
• Artificial knuckles made from plastic or other similar hard material

Prohibited Locations

Concealed carry (with or without a license) is prohibited in the following locations per KRS 237.110 and KRS 527.020:

1. Any police station or sheriff's office
2. Any detention facility, prison, or jail
3. Any courthouse, Court of Justice courtroom, or court proceeding
4. Any meeting of the governing body of a county, municipality, or special district (exception: members of the body holding a CCDW license may carry at their own body's meetings)
5. Any meeting of the General Assembly or a committee thereof (same exception for members)
6. Any portion of an establishment licensed to dispense beer or alcoholic beverages for on-premises consumption that is primarily devoted to that purpose
7. Any elementary or secondary school facility without consent of school authorities (per KRS 527.070)
8. Any child-caring facility (KRS 199.011), day-care center (KRS 199.894), or certified family child-care home (KRS 199.8982) — exception: owners of certified child-care homes may carry in their own residence
9. Areas of an airport where access is controlled by inspection of persons and property
10. Any place where carrying firearms is prohibited by federal law

Additional Restrictions

• State and local government entities and postsecondary education facilities (colleges, universities, technical schools, community colleges) may limit concealed carry on property they own or control (KRS 237.115)
• KRS 527.070 prohibits unlawful possession (open or concealed) of a weapon on school property, with certain exceptions
• KRS 244.125 prohibits loaded firearms (concealed or otherwise) in places where alcohol is sold by the drink, with certain exceptions
• Private property owners may exclude persons carrying firearms; failure to vacate when asked could result in criminal trespass charges

Vehicle Carry

Per KRS 527.020(8), a loaded or unloaded firearm or other deadly weapon is not deemed concealed if located in any enclosed container, compartment, or storage space installed as original equipment in a motor vehicle by its manufacturer (including glove compartment, center console, or seat pocket), regardless of whether it is locked or unlocked. No person or organization, public or private, may prohibit a person from keeping a firearm or ammunition in a vehicle under this provision. This does not apply to persons prohibited from possessing a firearm under KRS 527.040.

Open Carry

There are no Kentucky Revised Statutes that generally govern the open carry of firearms by persons who lawfully possess them, except:

• KRS 527.070 — Unlawful possession on school property
• KRS 244.125 — Loaded firearms in places where alcohol is sold by the drink

Penalties

• Carrying a concealed weapon (by a person not authorized): Class A misdemeanor; Class D felony if previously convicted of a felony involving a deadly weapon (KRS 527.020(9))
• Failure to carry CCDW license while carrying concealed (for license holders): Non-criminal violation, $25 fine
• Failure to notify KSP of address change within 30 days: Non-criminal violation, $25 penalty
• Possession of a handgun by a minor (under 18): Class A misdemeanor for first offense; Class D felony for subsequent offenses (KRS 527.100)

Disqualifiers for CCDW License (Denial, Suspension, or Revocation)

• Conviction of a felony (no time limitation)
• Being under indictment for a felony
• Conviction of Assault 4th degree within past 3 years
• Conviction of terroristic threatening 3rd degree within past 3 years
• Conviction of a misdemeanor relating to a controlled substance within past 3 years
• Conviction of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence (no time limitation)
• Being an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance
• Conviction of two DUIs within past 3 years
• Commitment for alcohol or drug abuse within past 3 years
• Adjudication as incompetent or involuntary commitment to a mental institution
• Active emergency protective order or domestic violence order
• Child support arrearage equal to or exceeding one year of nonpayment (if KSP notified by Cabinet for Health and Family Services)
• Failure to comply with subpoena or warrant relating to child support or paternity proceedings
• Being a fugitive from justice
• Dishonorable discharge from the Armed Forces
• Being ineligible to purchase, receive, or possess a firearm or ammunition under state or federal law

Out-of-State License Holders Moving to Kentucky

Per KRS 237.110(20), a person with a valid out-of-state concealed carry license from a state with a reciprocity agreement with Kentucky may use that license for the first 120 days of Kentucky residency, provided they complete and submit the required KSP form within 60 days of moving. The out-of-state license becomes invalid upon the earlier of 120 days of residency or issuance of a Kentucky CCDW license.

EPO/DVO Temporary Concealed Carry Permit

KRS 403.754 authorizes an EPO/DVO temporary concealed carry permit for eligible petitioners for an order of protection. Applications are accepted electronically at the KSP CCDW portal.

Key Statutes

• KRS 237.110 — Carrying concealed deadly weapons license
• KRS 237.115 — Authority of government and postsecondary institutions to restrict concealed carry
• KRS 527.020 — Carrying concealed weapon offense and exceptions
• KRS 527.040 — Possession of firearm by convicted felon
• KRS 527.070 — Unlawful possession of weapon on school property
• KRS 527.100 — Possession of handgun by minor
• KRS 244.125 — Firearms in establishments selling alcohol by the drink
• KRS 500.080 — Definition of deadly weapon
• KRS 403.754 — EPO/DVO temporary concealed carry permit
• 2019 Senate Bill 150 — Permitless carry legislation (effective June 28, 2019)

Contact Information

• KSP CCDW Section: (502) 782-9792
• KSP Headquarters: (502) 227-8700 / (502) 782-1800
• Email: CCDWquestions@ky.gov
• Address: Kentucky State Police, Criminal Identification & Records Branch, CCDW Section, 1266 Louisville Road, Frankfort, KY 40601
• Online Portal: https://kspportal.ky.gov/CCDW

Kentucky Concealed Carry Permit Basics

Permitless Carry (Constitutional Carry)

Kentucky enacted permitless carry legislation allowing concealed carry without a CCDW (Carrying Concealed Deadly Weapons) license. Key provisions include:

• Age Requirement: Any person 21 years of age or older who is eligible to lawfully possess a firearm under state and federal law may carry concealed deadly weapons on or about his or her person.
• Under 21: Persons under age 21 may be eligible to possess a firearm but are not allowed to carry the firearm (or other deadly weapon) concealed in Kentucky.
• What Can Be Carried: Any deadly weapon as defined by KRS 500.080, concealed on or about the person. Open carry laws remain unchanged.
• Where: In the same places allowed for persons with a CCDW license issued pursuant to KRS 237.110. Concealed deadly weapons may not be carried in any place prohibited by federal law or in places where concealed carry is not permitted under KRS 237.110 or KRS 527.020.
• Visitors: Any person eligible to possess a firearm under the laws of the United States and the Commonwealth of Kentucky is permitted to carry a concealed firearm or other concealed deadly weapon in Kentucky, without regard to their citizenship or state of residence.
• Out-of-State Carry: Kentucky's permitless carry laws do not apply out of state. Carry in other states is governed by those states' laws.

Reasons to Still Obtain a CCDW License

• Most states still require a CCDW license for concealed carry reciprocity.
• A valid CCDW license serves as a substitute for the NICS background check when purchasing a firearm from a licensed dealer.
• The license provides the holder with training and familiarity with gun laws.

CCDW License Details (KRS 237.110)

Issuing Authority

The Department of Kentucky State Police is authorized to issue and renew licenses to carry concealed firearms or other deadly weapons, or a combination thereof.

License Validity

• Valid throughout the Commonwealth of Kentucky
• Valid for a period of five (5) years from the date of issuance (unless revoked or suspended)
• Authorizes the holder to carry a concealed firearm or other deadly weapon, or a combination thereof, on or about his or her person
• Authorizes the holder to carry ammunition for a firearm on or about his or her person

Eligibility Requirements (KRS 237.110(4))

The Department of Kentucky State Police shall issue an original or renewal license if the applicant:

1. Not prohibited from the purchase, receipt, or possession of firearms, ammunition, or both pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 922(g), 18 U.S.C. 922(n), or applicable federal or state law
2. Residency/Citizenship — Must meet one of the following:
   • A citizen of the United States who is a resident of Kentucky
   • A U.S. citizen who is a member of the Armed Forces on active duty, assigned to a military posting in Kentucky at the time of application
   • Lawfully admitted to the United States, permitted by federal law to purchase a firearm, and a resident of Kentucky
   • Lawfully admitted to the United States, permitted by federal law to purchase a firearm, and assigned to a military posting in Kentucky at the time of application
3. Age: Twenty-one (21) years of age or older
4. No controlled substance issues: Has not been committed to a state or federal facility for the abuse of a controlled substance or been convicted of a misdemeanor violation of KRS Chapter 218A (or similar laws of any other state) within the three (3) year period immediately preceding the application date
5. No chronic alcohol abuse: Does not chronically and habitually use alcoholic beverages, as evidenced by:
   • Two (2) or more convictions for violating KRS 189A.010 (DUI) within the three (3) years immediately preceding the application, or
   • Having been committed as an alcoholic pursuant to KRS Chapter 222 (or similar laws of another state) within the three (3) year period immediately preceding the application
6. No child support arrearage equal to or exceeding the cumulative amount owed after one (1) year of nonpayment (if the Department has been notified by the Cabinet for Health and Family Services)
7. Compliance with subpoenas/warrants relating to child support or paternity proceedings

Background Check Process (KRS 237.110(3))

Prior to issuance of an original or renewal license, the Department of Kentucky State Police conducts a background check including:

• State records check covering items specified in the statute
• Federal records check, including a National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) check
• Federal Immigration Alien Query if the applicant is an alien lawfully admitted to the United States
• Additional federal agency consultation (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Department of Justice, Department of State, or other federal agency) if the applicant has not been lawfully admitted under permanent resident status and a doubt exists regarding eligibility

Key Statutes Referenced

Kentucky Concealed Carry Laws

Permitless (Constitutional) Carry

Kentucky is a permitless carry state. As of the enactment of permitless carry legislation, any person who meets the following criteria may carry a concealed deadly weapon without a license:

• Must be 21 years of age or older
• Must be eligible to lawfully possess a firearm under both state and federal law
• Persons under age 21 may be eligible to possess a firearm but are not allowed to carry it concealed in Kentucky
• Persons over 21 who are not eligible to lawfully possess a firearm may legally possess other deadly weapons but are not permitted to carry any deadly weapon concealed

Permitless carry applies to any person eligible to possess a firearm under the laws of the United States and the Commonwealth of Kentucky, regardless of citizenship or state of residence.

Note: Kentucky's permitless carry laws do not apply out of state. Carry of concealed deadly weapons by Kentucky residents visiting other states is governed by the laws of those other states.

CCDW License (Carry Concealed Deadly Weapon)

Despite permitless carry, Kentucky continues to issue CCDW licenses through the Department of Kentucky State Police pursuant to KRS 237.110.

Reasons to Obtain a CCDW License

• Most other states still require a CCDW license for concealed carry; Kentucky's permitless carry does not extend to other states
• A valid CCDW license serves as a substitute for the NICS background check when purchasing a firearm from a licensed dealer
• Provides the holder with training and familiarity with gun laws
• Facilitates reciprocity with other states

License Validity

• Valid for five (5) years from the date of issuance unless suspended or revoked
• Valid throughout the Commonwealth of Kentucky

Eligibility Requirements (KRS 237.110)

The applicant must:

• (a) Not be prohibited from the purchase, receipt, or possession of firearms, ammunition, or both pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 922(g), 18 U.S.C. 922(n), or applicable federal or state law
• (b) Be one of the following:
  1. A citizen of the United States who is a resident of Kentucky
  2. A U.S. citizen who is a member of the Armed Forces on active duty assigned to a military posting in Kentucky
  3. Lawfully admitted to the United States, permitted by federal law to purchase a firearm, and a resident of Kentucky
  4. Lawfully admitted to the United States, permitted by federal law to purchase a firearm, and assigned to a military posting in Kentucky
• (c) Be twenty-one (21) years of age or older
• (d) Not have been committed to a state or federal facility for controlled substance abuse or convicted of a misdemeanor violation of KRS Chapter 218A (or similar laws of any other state) within the three (3) years immediately preceding the application
• (e) Not chronically and habitually use alcoholic beverages, as evidenced by two or more DUI convictions (KRS 189A.010) within the three years preceding the application, or having been committed as an alcoholic within the preceding three years
• (f) Not owe a child support arrearage equaling or exceeding the cumulative amount owed after one year of nonpayment (if KSP has been notified by the Cabinet for Health and Family Services)
• (g) Have complied with any subpoena or warrant relating to child support or paternity proceedings

Background Check

Prior to issuance, the Department of Kentucky State Police conducts a background check including:

• A state records check
• A federal records check including a National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) check
• A federal Immigration Alien Query (if applicable)
• Consultation with federal agencies (DHS, DOJ, State Department) if doubt exists regarding an alien's eligibility

Grounds for Denial, Suspension, or Revocation

• Conviction of a felony
• Being under indictment for a felony
• Conviction of Assault in the fourth degree within the past three years
• Conviction of terroristic threatening in the third degree within the past three years
• Conviction of a misdemeanor relating to a controlled substance within the past three years
• Conviction of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence (no time limitation)
• Being an unlawful user of, or being addicted to, any controlled substance
• Conviction of two DUIs within the past three years
• Commitment for alcohol or drug abuse within the past three years
• Adjudication as incompetent or involuntary commitment to a mental institution
• An active emergency protective order or domestic violence order
• Owing child support arrearage (as described above)
• Failure to comply with any subpoena or warrant relating to child support or paternity proceedings
• Being a fugitive from justice
• Dishonorable discharge from the Armed Forces
• A discrepancy concerning age or training requirements
• Being ineligible to purchase, receive, or possess a firearm, ammunition, or both under state or federal law

Note: Some disqualifiers have a three-year limitation; others (such as felony conviction or misdemeanor crime of domestic violence) have no time limitation.

Weapons Covered Under the CCDW License

The CCDW license covers "deadly weapons" as defined by KRS 500.080, including:

• Any weapon from which a shot, readily capable of producing death or serious physical injury, may be discharged
• Any knife other than an ordinary pocket knife or hunting knife
• Billy, nightstick, or club
• Blackjack or slapjack
• Nunchaku karate sticks
• Shuriken or death star
• Artificial knuckles made from plastic or other similar hard material

Prohibited Locations

No license issued pursuant to KRS 237.110 shall authorize any person to carry a concealed firearm into:

• (a) Any police station or sheriff's office
• (b) Any detention facility, prison, or jail
• (c) Any courthouse, solely occupied by the Court of Justice courtroom, or court proceeding
• (d) Any meeting of the governing body of a county, municipality, or special district; or any meeting of the General Assembly or a committee of the General Assembly (exception: a member of the body holding a CCDW license may carry at a meeting of the body of which he or she is a member)
• (e) Any portion of an establishment licensed to dispense beer or alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises, which portion is primarily devoted to that purpose
• (f) Any elementary or secondary school facility without the consent of school authorities as provided in KRS 527.070; any child-caring facility (KRS 199.011); any day-care center (KRS 199.894); or any certified family child-care home (KRS 199.8982) — exception: an owner of a certified child-care home may carry a concealed firearm into the owner's residence used as a certified child-care home
• (g) An area of an airport to which access is controlled by the inspection of persons and property
• (h) Any place where the carrying of firearms is prohibited by federal law

Additional Restrictions

• Units of state and local governments and postsecondary education facilities (colleges, universities, technical schools, and community colleges) have the authority to limit the carrying of concealed weapons on property owned or controlled by them (KRS 237.115)
• Kentucky law does not prohibit the owners of private premises from excluding persons carrying firearms
• Permitless carry holders are subject to the same location restrictions as CCDW license holders

Carrying a Concealed Weapon — Penalties (KRS 527.020)

• Carrying a concealed weapon (without authorization) is a Class A misdemeanor
• If the defendant has been previously convicted of a felony in which a deadly weapon was possessed, used, or displayed, it is a Class D felony

Firearms in Vehicles (KRS 237.110)

A loaded or unloaded firearm or other deadly weapon is not deemed concealed on or about the person if it is located in any enclosed container, compartment, or storage space installed as original equipment in a motor vehicle by its manufacturer, including but not limited to:

• Glove compartment
• Center console
• Seat pocket

This applies regardless of whether the container is locked, unlocked, or does not have a locking mechanism.

No person or organization, public or private, shall prohibit a person from keeping a loaded or unloaded firearm or ammunition, or both, or other deadly weapon in a vehicle in accordance with these provisions. Violations may be the subject of an action for relief or damages in Circuit Court or District Court. This provision does not apply to any person prohibited from possessing a firearm pursuant to KRS 527.040.

License Holder Obligations

Possession of License

Failure to have the CCDW license in possession when carrying a concealed firearm or deadly weapon is a non-criminal violation punishable by a $25.00 fine.

Address Change Notification

License holders must notify the Kentucky State Police within thirty (30) days after changing a permanent address. Failure to do so is a non-criminal violation with a penalty of $25.00 payable to the clerk of the District Court. Address changes are made by completing form KSP 121 at the office of the Sheriff of the county of residence.

Reciprocity

Out-of-State License Holders in Kentucky (KRS 237.110(20))

(a) A person who is not a resident of Kentucky and who has a valid license issued by another state to carry a concealed deadly weapon may, subject to Kentucky law, carry a concealed deadly weapon in Kentucky. The out-of-state license is considered valid in Kentucky.

(b) If a person with a valid out-of-state concealed carry license from a state that has a reciprocity agreement with the Department of Kentucky State Police becomes a resident of Kentucky, the out-of-state license is considered valid for the first 120 days of residency, provided that within 60 days of moving to Kentucky, the person completes a form promulgated by KSP including:

• A signed and notarized statement that the license is valid and has not been revoked or suspended
• Personal information (name, DOB, citizenship, gender, SSN if applicable, proof of U.S. citizenship or lawful presence, former and current addresses, date Kentucky residence began, issuing state and license number)
• A photocopy of the out-of-state license

(c) The form must be delivered by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to KSP within 60 days of moving to Kentucky.

(d) The out-of-state license becomes invalid in Kentucky upon the earlier of:

• Having resided in Kentucky for more than 120 days, or
• Being issued a Kentucky CCDW license

Pennsylvania-Kentucky Reciprocity Agreement

Kentucky has a reciprocity agreement with Pennsylvania. Under the agreement:

• Kentucky recognizes all valid Pennsylvania concealed carry licenses
• PA license holders carrying in Kentucky must comply with all applicable Kentucky laws, rules, and regulations
• The agreement applies only to concealed firearms, not other types of weapons
• Either party may terminate the agreement upon 30 calendar days' written notice

Special Categories of Persons (KRS 527.020)

Unrestricted Carry (All Times, All Locations)

The following persons, if they hold a CCDW license pursuant to KRS 237.110 or KRS 237.138–237.142, may carry at all times and all locations (with limited exceptions for detention facilities):

1. Commonwealth's attorneys or assistant Commonwealth's attorneys (active and retired)
2. County attorneys or assistant county attorneys (active and retired)
3. Justices or judges of the Court of Justice (active, retired, or senior status)
4. Retired peace officers holding a LEOSA concealed carry license (18 U.S.C. § 926C and KRS 237.138–237.142)

Law Enforcement

• Elected sheriffs, certified deputy sheriffs, elected jailers, trained deputy jailers, and corrections department employees may carry concealed at all times and locations when expressly authorized by their employing government unit
• Out-of-state full-time paid peace officers and elected sheriffs may carry concealed in Kentucky (on or off duty) if their state accords the same rights to Kentucky officers

Key Statutes

Contact Information

Kentucky State Police — CCDW Section

• Phone: (502) 227-8700
• KSP Headquarters: 919 Versailles Rd, Frankfort, KY 40601
• General: (502) 782-1800

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) — Louisville Field Division

• 600 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Place, Suite 500, Louisville, KY 40202
• Phone: (502) 753-3400
• Fax: (502) 753-3401

Kentucky Open Carry Laws

General Legal Status

Kentucky is an open carry state. There are no Kentucky Revised Statutes that generally govern or restrict the open carry of firearms by persons who lawfully possess such firearms. No permit or license is required to openly carry a firearm in Kentucky.

As stated by the Kentucky State Police:

"There are no Kentucky Revised Statutes that govern the open carry of firearms by persons who lawfully possess such firearms."

The Kentucky State Police also confirmed in their FAQ on permitless carry that:

"The laws governing the open carry of deadly weapons remain unchanged."

This means that the 2019 permitless concealed carry law (Senate Bill 150) did not alter the existing open carry framework.

Age Requirement

While there is no specific statute governing open carry age requirements for adults, KRS 527.100 prohibits possession of a handgun by a minor (under age 18), with specific exceptions including:

• Attendance at a hunter's safety course or firearms safety course
• Practice or target shooting at an established firing range
• Organized competition involving firearms
• Hunting or trapping with a valid license
• Traveling to/from the above activities with an unloaded handgun
• On real property under the control of an adult with permission of that adult and parent/legal guardian
• At residence with parent/legal guardian permission when justified under KRS Chapter 503 (self-defense)

Possession of a handgun by a minor is a Class A misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class D felony for each subsequent offense.

Restrictions on Open Carry

While open carry is broadly permitted, the following statutory restrictions apply to both open and concealed carry:

School Property — KRS 527.070

• Unlawful possession of a weapon on school property (whether carried openly or concealed) is prohibited, except for certain specified exceptions.

Establishments Serving Alcohol — KRS 244.125

• Loaded firearms (concealed or otherwise) are prohibited in places where alcohol is sold by the drink, except for certain specified exceptions.

Federal Law

• Open carry is prohibited in any place where the carrying of firearms is prohibited by federal law.

Vehicle Transport

Under KRS 527.020(8), a loaded or unloaded firearm or other deadly weapon is not deemed concealed on or about the person if it is located in any enclosed container, compartment, or storage space installed as original equipment in a motor vehicle by its manufacturer, including but not limited to:

• Glove compartment
• Center console
• Seat pocket

This applies regardless of whether the container is locked, unlocked, or does not have a locking mechanism. No person or organization, public or private, may prohibit a person from keeping a loaded or unloaded firearm or ammunition in a vehicle in accordance with this provision. This subsection does not apply to persons prohibited from possessing a firearm under KRS 527.040.

Private Property Rights

Kentucky law does not prohibit the owners of private premises from excluding persons carrying firearms (whether openly or concealed). Failure to vacate private premises when asked to do so could result in a criminal trespass charge.

State and Local Government Property

Under KRS 237.115, units of state and local governments and postsecondary education facilities (colleges, universities, technical schools, and community colleges) have the authority to limit the carrying of weapons (concealed or otherwise) on property owned or controlled by them.

Distinction Between Open Carry and Concealed Carry

• Open carry: Generally permitted without a license for persons who lawfully possess firearms, subject to the specific restrictions noted above.
• Concealed carry: As of June 28, 2019 (pursuant to Senate Bill 150), any person age 21 or older who is otherwise able to lawfully possess a firearm may carry concealed without a license. The CCDW license remains available and beneficial for reciprocity with other states.

Key Statutes

Constitutional Carry (Permitless Carry) in Kentucky

Kentucky is a constitutional carry (permitless carry) state, allowing eligible individuals to carry concealed deadly weapons without a CCDW (Carrying Concealed Deadly Weapons) license.

Eligibility Requirements

• Must be 21 years of age or older
• Must be eligible to lawfully possess a firearm under both state and federal law
• Persons under age 21 may be eligible to possess a firearm but are not allowed to carry it concealed in Kentucky
• Persons over 21 who are not eligible to lawfully possess a firearm may legally possess other deadly weapons but are not permitted to carry any deadly weapon concealed

What Can Be Carried

A qualifying person may carry any deadly weapon, as defined by KRS 500.080, concealed on or about his or her person. The laws governing open carry of deadly weapons remain unchanged.

Where Concealed Carry Is Permitted

Permitless carriers may carry in the same places allowed for persons with a CCDW license issued pursuant to KRS 237.110. Concealed deadly weapons may not be carried:

• In any place prohibited by federal law
• In places where concealed carry is not permitted under KRS 237.110 or KRS 527.020

Visitors to Kentucky

Any person who is eligible to possess a firearm under the laws of the United States and the Commonwealth of Kentucky is permitted to carry a concealed firearm or other concealed deadly weapon in Kentucky, without regard to their citizenship or state of residence.

Carrying in Other States

Kentucky's permitless carry laws do not apply out of state. Carry of concealed deadly weapons by Kentucky residents visiting other states is governed by the laws of those other states. Only states that require no license for any person to carry a concealed weapon would allow Kentucky residents to carry without a CCDW license.

Reasons to Still Obtain a CCDW License

Despite permitless carry, there are still reasons to obtain a Kentucky CCDW license:

• Reciprocity: Most states still require a CCDW license to carry a concealed weapon
• Firearm purchases: Only a valid CCDW license serves as a substitute for the NICS background check when purchasing a firearm
• Training: A CCDW license provides the holder with training and familiarity with gun laws

Key Statutes Referenced

• KRS 237.110 — CCDW license provisions
• KRS 527.020 — Carrying concealed deadly weapon restrictions
• KRS 500.080 — Definition of deadly weapon

Kentucky Prohibited Locations for Concealed Carry

Under Kentucky law, concealed carry of firearms is prohibited in specific locations. These restrictions apply to both CCDW license holders and those carrying under permitless carry provisions.

Prohibited Locations Under KRS 237.110

A concealed firearm shall not be carried into the following locations:

1. Police stations or sheriff's offices
2. Detention facilities, prisons, or jails
3. Courthouses — specifically, any courthouse solely occupied by the Court of Justice courtroom, or court proceeding
4. Government body meetings — any meeting of the governing body of a county, municipality, or special district; or any meeting of the General Assembly or a committee of the General Assembly
   • Exception: A member of the governing body who holds a concealed deadly weapon license may carry a concealed deadly weapon at a meeting of the body of which he or she is a member
5. Establishments serving alcohol — any portion of an establishment licensed to dispense beer or alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises, which portion of the establishment is primarily devoted to that purpose
6. Schools and child-care facilities:
   • Any elementary or secondary school facility without the consent of school authorities as provided in KRS 527.070
   • Any child-caring facility as defined in KRS 199.011
   • Any day-care center as defined in KRS 199.894
   • Any certified family child-care home as defined in KRS 199.8982
   • Exception: Any owner of a certified child-care home may carry a concealed firearm into the owner's residence used as a certified child-care home
7. Restricted airport areas — any area of an airport to which access is controlled by the inspection of persons and property
8. Federal prohibited locations — any place where the carrying of firearms is prohibited by federal law

Additional Restrictions

State and Local Government Property & Postsecondary Education Facilities (KRS 237.115)

Units of state and local governments and postsecondary education facilities (colleges, universities, technical schools, and community colleges) have the authority to limit the carrying of concealed weapons on property owned or controlled by them. Carriers should check with these entities prior to carrying a concealed weapon on their property.

School Property — KRS 527.070

KRS 527.070 prohibits unlawful possession of a weapon (whether carried openly or concealed) on school property, including:

• Any public or private school building or bus
• Any public or private school campus, grounds, recreation area, athletic field
• Any other property owned, used, or operated by any board of education, school, board of trustees, regents, or directors for the administration of any public or private educational institution

Note: This provision does not apply to institutions of postsecondary or higher education.

Penalty: Unlawful possession of a weapon on school property is a Class D felony, punishable by a maximum of five (5) years in prison and a $10,000 fine.

Exemptions to KRS 527.070 include:

• An adult possessing a firearm contained within a vehicle on school property, provided it is not removed from the vehicle (except for permitted purposes) or brandished
• ROTC pupils or students enrolled in courses requiring arms
• Peace officers or police officers authorized to carry under KRS 527.020
• Armed Forces personnel and National Guard members in discharge of official duties
• Civil officers of the United States in discharge of official duties
• Persons authorized by the board of education or board of trustees (e.g., exhibitors of historical displays)
• Persons hunting during lawful season on designated educational institution lands
• Persons possessing unloaded hunting weapons while traversing educational institution grounds to access hunting lands
• Persons at board-approved "gun and knife shows"

Alcohol Establishments — KRS 244.125

KRS 244.125 prohibits loaded firearms (concealed or otherwise) in places where alcohol is sold by the drink, except for certain specified exceptions.

Private Property

Kentucky law does not prohibit the owners of private premises from excluding persons carrying firearms. Failure to vacate private premises when asked to do so could result in a criminal trespass charge.

Vehicles on Property — KRS 237.106

No person (including employers) who owns, leases, or occupies real property shall prohibit any person legally entitled to possess a firearm from possessing a firearm, part of a firearm, ammunition, or ammunition component in a vehicle on the property. Exceptions apply to:

• U.S. government property where firearms are prohibited
• Detention facilities as defined in KRS 520.010
• Locations where Kentucky Revised Statutes specifically prohibit possession or carrying of firearms

Key Statute References

Carrying Firearms in Vehicles in Kentucky

General Rule: No Permit Required for Firearms in Factory-Installed Vehicle Compartments

Under KRS 527.020(8), a loaded or unloaded firearm or other deadly weapon is not considered concealed on or about the person if it is located in any enclosed container, compartment, or storage space installed as original equipment in a motor vehicle by its manufacturer. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Glove compartment
• Center console
• Seat pocket

This applies regardless of whether the enclosed container, storage space, or compartment is locked, unlocked, or does not have a locking mechanism.

No permit or license is required to keep a firearm in these factory-installed vehicle compartments.

Prohibition on Restricting Vehicle Storage

KRS 527.020(8) explicitly states:

"No person or organization, public or private, shall prohibit a person from keeping a loaded or unloaded firearm or ammunition, or both, or other deadly weapon in a vehicle in accordance with the provisions of this subsection."

Any attempt by a person or organization (public or private) to violate this provision may be the subject of an action for appropriate relief or damages in a Circuit Court or District Court of competent jurisdiction.

Exception: Persons Prohibited from Possessing Firearms

The vehicle storage provision under KRS 527.020(8) does not apply to any person prohibited from possessing a firearm pursuant to KRS 527.040 (persons convicted of certain felonies and other prohibited persons).

CCDW License Holders: Vehicle Carry Protections

Under KRS 527.020(4), persons licensed to carry a concealed deadly weapon (CCDW) may carry a firearm or other concealed deadly weapon on or about their persons at all times within the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Additionally:

"No person or organization, public or private, shall prohibit a person licensed to carry a concealed deadly weapon from possessing a firearm, ammunition, or both, or other deadly weapon in his or her vehicle in compliance with the provisions of KRS 237.110 and 237.115."

Violations of this provision may also be subject to legal action for appropriate relief or damages.

Employer/Property Owner Restrictions on Vehicle Firearms (KRS 237.106)

Kentucky law provides additional protections for firearms stored in vehicles:

• No person, including an employer, who is the owner, lessee, or occupant of real property shall prohibit any person who is legally entitled to possess a firearm from possessing a firearm, part of a firearm, ammunition, or ammunition component in a vehicle on the property (KRS 237.106(1)).
• A property owner/employer may prevent a person who is prohibited by state or federal law from possessing a firearm or ammunition from doing so on the property (KRS 237.106(2)).
• A firearm may be removed from the vehicle or handled in the case of self-defense, defense of another, defense of property, or as authorized by the owner, lessee, or occupant of the property (KRS 237.106(3)).
• An employer that fires, disciplines, demotes, or otherwise punishes an employee who is lawfully exercising rights under this section shall be liable in civil damages. An employee may seek and the court shall grant an injunction against a violating employer (KRS 237.106(4)).

Exceptions to KRS 237.106 — the vehicle firearms protection does not apply to:

• Real property owned, leased, or occupied by the United States government where possession or carrying of firearms is prohibited or controlled
• Detention facilities as defined in KRS 520.010
• Locations where a section of the Kentucky Revised Statutes specifically prohibits possession or carrying of firearms

Concealed Carry Without a Permit (Permitless/Constitutional Carry)

Under KRS 527.020(9), the concealed carry prohibition does not apply to a person carrying a concealed deadly weapon without a CCDW license if:

• They are on real property they or their spouse, parent, grandparent, or child owns (with owner's permission)
• They are on real property they or their spouse, parent, grandparent, or child leases (with lessee's permission)
• They are the sole proprietor of a business, on real property owned or leased by the business

Note: Kentucky is a permitless carry state (constitutional carry), meaning persons 21 and older who are not otherwise prohibited from possessing firearms may carry concealed without a CCDW license throughout the Commonwealth.

Penalties for Unlawful Concealed Carry

Per KRS 527.020(10) (referenced as subsection (9) in some versions), carrying a concealed weapon unlawfully is:

• A Class A misdemeanor (general violation)
• A Class D felony if the defendant has been previously convicted of a felony in which a deadly weapon was possessed, used, or displayed

Important Considerations

• The Kentucky State Police advises that the information regarding vehicle carry is provided for convenience and is not intended to constitute a formal legal opinion or legal advice.
• If there are questions about whether a particular means of transportation would violate the prohibition against carrying a concealed deadly weapon, individuals are advised to consult an attorney.
• Federal law and restrictions on federal property still apply regardless of Kentucky state law.

Kentucky Concealed Carry Reciprocity

Permitless Carry (Constitutional Carry)

As of 2019, Kentucky is a permitless carry state. Any person over 21 years of age who is eligible to lawfully possess a firearm under state and federal law may carry concealed deadly weapons on or about his or her person without a license (KRS 527.020).

Visitors to Kentucky

Any person who is eligible to possess a firearm under the laws of the United States and the Commonwealth of Kentucky is permitted to carry a concealed firearm or other concealed deadly weapon in Kentucky, without regard to their citizenship or state of residence.

Why Obtain a CCDW License Despite Permitless Carry?

According to the Kentucky State Police:

• Most states still require a CCDW license to carry a concealed weapon, and Kentucky's permitless carry laws do not apply out of state
• A CCDW license assists in firearms purchases from licensed dealers (serves as a substitute for the NICS background check)
• Provides the holder with training and familiarity with gun laws
• At the time of permitless carry implementation, only states that require no license for any person to carry concealed would allow Kentucky residents to carry without a CCDW license

Reciprocity Agreements

Statutory Authority

Under KRS 237.110(20)(e), the Kentucky State Police is authorized to enter into written reciprocity agreements with other states for the mutual recognition of concealed carry licenses.

Per KRS 237.110(20)(e), the Department of Kentucky State Police is required to:

• Not later than 30 days after July 15, 1998, and not less than once every 12 months thereafter, make written inquiry of concealed deadly weapon licensing authorities in each other state regarding whether a Kentucky resident may carry concealed in that state based on a valid Kentucky CCDW license
• Attempt to secure permission from each other state for Kentucky CCDW license holders to carry concealed in that state
• Enter into written reciprocity agreements with states that agree to permit Kentucky residents to carry concealed on the basis of a Kentucky-issued CCDW license
• If a reciprocity agreement is reached, the requirement to recontact the other state every 12 months is eliminated as long as the agreement is in force

Pennsylvania-Kentucky Reciprocity Agreement

Kentucky has a written reciprocity agreement with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Key terms include:

• Kentucky License Authority: KRS 237.110
• Kentucky Authorizing Agency: Kentucky State Police, authorized under KRS 237.110(20)(e)
• Pennsylvania recognizes all valid Kentucky CCDW licenses issued to legal residents of Kentucky who are 21 years of age or older
• Kentucky recognizes all valid Pennsylvania concealed carry licenses
• Rights and privileges of license holders under the agreement are the same as, and not greater than, those granted to the host state's own license holders
• The agreement applies only to carrying concealed firearms, not other types of weapons
• Either party may terminate the agreement upon 30 calendar days' written notice
• License holders must comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations of the state in which they are carrying

States Recognizing Kentucky CCDW Licenses

Based on the Pennsylvania Attorney General's reciprocity document, Kentucky is listed as recognizing Pennsylvania licenses through a written reciprocity agreement (*) and also through unilateral recognition (∞). Pennsylvania residents with a valid PA concealed carry license may carry in Kentucky.

Pennsylvania recognizes Kentucky CCDW licenses through a written reciprocity agreement (*).

New Residents Moving to Kentucky

Per KRS 237.110(20):

• A person moving to Kentucky who holds a valid out-of-state concealed carry license may continue to carry for a limited period
• Within 60 days of moving to Kentucky, the person must deliver required documentation by registered or certified mail to the Kentucky State Police, including:
  1. A completed form provided by KSP
  2. A photocopy of the person's out-of-state license to carry a concealed deadly weapon
• The out-of-state concealed carry license becomes invalid in Kentucky upon the earlier of:
  1. The person having resided in Kentucky for more than 120 days; or
  2. The person being issued a Kentucky CCDW license

Non-Resident Licenses

Kentucky does not issue CCDW licenses to non-residents. Non-residents are not eligible for a Kentucky CCDW license, and the license of an individual who moves out of state is subject to revocation.

Transferring Out-of-State Licenses

There is no statutory authority for another state's concealed carry license to be transferred to Kentucky. Individuals wishing to obtain a Kentucky CCDW license must meet all requirements set forth in KRS 237.110, including residency and training requirements. No waiver of the training requirement is authorized based on prior completion of out-of-state training.

Law Enforcement Officers

Out-of-State Peace Officers

A full-time paid peace officer of a government agency from another state or territory, or an elected sheriff from another territory, may carry a concealed deadly weapon in Kentucky (on or off duty) if the other state or territory accords Kentucky full-time paid peace officers and elected sheriffs the same rights by law. If the other state limits Kentucky officers to carrying only while on duty, the same restriction applies to officers from that state visiting Kentucky.

LEOSA (Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act)

Pursuant to KRS 237.110, 237.138, 237.140, 237.142, and 502 KAR 13:010, qualified honorably retired elected or appointed peace officers may apply for LEOSA certification to carry a concealed deadly weapon pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 926C.

Key Statutes

Important Notes

• Kentucky's permitless carry law applies to anyone over 21 who can legally possess a firearm, regardless of state of residence or citizenship
• Kentucky CCDW license holders traveling to other states must comply with the laws of those states
• The Kentucky State Police cannot answer questions regarding concealed weapons laws of other states; travelers should contact the destination state directly
• Reciprocity information is subject to change as state laws are updated

Use of Force Laws in Kentucky

Kentucky's use of force laws are codified in KRS Chapter 503. The following statutes govern the justifiable use of physical and deadly physical force.

KRS 503.040 – Execution of Public Duty

Conduct that would otherwise constitute an offense is justifiable when it is required or authorized by a provision of law imposing a public duty or by a judicial decree. This justification applies when:

• The defendant believes their conduct is required or authorized by the judgment or direction of a competent court or tribunal, or in the lawful execution of legal process (even if the court lacked jurisdiction or there was a defect in the legal process)
• The defendant believes their conduct is required or authorized to assist a public officer in the performance of duties (even if the officer exceeded legal authority)

KRS 503.050 – Use of Physical Force in Self-Protection

• Physical force is justifiable when the defendant believes such force is necessary to protect themselves against the use or imminent use of unlawful physical force by another person.
• Deadly physical force is justifiable only when the defendant believes such force is necessary to protect against:
  • Death
  • Serious physical injury
  • Kidnapping
  • Sexual intercourse compelled by force or threat
  • Felony involving the use of force
  • Circumstances permitted under KRS 503.055 (Castle Doctrine/Stand Your Ground)
• No duty to retreat: A person does not have a duty to retreat prior to the use of deadly physical force.
• Evidence of prior acts of domestic violence and abuse (as defined in KRS 403.720) by the person against whom force was used is admissible.

KRS 503.055 – Castle Doctrine / Stand Your Ground

Presumption of Reasonable Fear (Dwelling, Residence, or Occupied Vehicle)

A person is presumed to have held a reasonable fear of imminent peril of death or great bodily harm when using defensive force intended or likely to cause death or great bodily harm if:

1. The person against whom defensive force was used was in the process of unlawfully and forcibly entering (or had unlawfully and forcibly entered) a dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle, or was removing or attempting to remove another person against their will from such locations; and
2. The person using defensive force knew or had reason to believe that an unlawful and forcible entry or act was occurring or had occurred.

Exceptions to the Presumption

The presumption does not apply if:

• The person against whom force is used has the right to be in or is a lawful resident of the dwelling, residence, or vehicle (e.g., owner, lessee, titleholder), unless there is an injunction for protection from domestic violence or a written pretrial supervision order of no contact against that person
• The person sought to be removed is a child or grandchild, or is otherwise in lawful custody or guardianship of the person against whom force is used
• The person using defensive force is engaged in unlawful activity or is using the dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle to further unlawful activity
• The person against whom force is used is a peace officer (as defined in KRS 446.010) entering or attempting to enter in the performance of official duties, and the officer identified themselves in accordance with applicable law, or the person using force knew or reasonably should have known the person was a peace officer

Stand Your Ground

A person who is not engaged in unlawful activity and who is attacked in any place where they have a right to be has:

• No duty to retreat
• The right to stand their ground and meet force with force, including deadly force, if they reasonably believe it is necessary to:
  • Prevent death or great bodily harm to themselves or another
  • Prevent the commission of a felony involving the use of force

Presumption of Criminal Intent

A person who unlawfully and by force enters or attempts to enter a person's dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle is presumed to be doing so with the intent to commit an unlawful act involving force or violence.

KRS 503.070 – Protection of Another

• Physical force is justifiable when the defendant believes it is necessary to protect a third person against the use or imminent use of unlawful physical force, and the third person would have been justified in using such force under KRS 503.050 and 503.060.
• Deadly physical force is justifiable when the defendant believes it is necessary to protect a third person against:
  • Imminent death
  • Serious physical injury
  • Kidnapping
  • Sexual intercourse compelled by force or threat
  • Other felony involving the use of force
  • Circumstances permitted under KRS 503.055
• The third person must have actually been justified in using such protection under the circumstances as they actually exist.
• No duty to retreat if the person is in a place where they have a right to be.

KRS 503.080 – Protection of Property

• Physical force is justifiable when the defendant believes it is immediately necessary to prevent:
  • Criminal trespass, robbery, burglary, or other felony involving the use of force (or circumstances under KRS 503.055) in a dwelling, building, or upon real property in the defendant's possession or another's possession for whose protection the defendant acts
  • Theft, criminal mischief, or any trespassory taking of tangible, movable property
• Deadly physical force is justifiable only when the defendant believes the person against whom force is used is:
  • Attempting to dispossess the defendant of their dwelling (other than under a claim of right to possession)
  • Committing or attempting to commit burglary, robbery, or other felony involving the use of force of such dwelling, or under circumstances permitted by KRS 503.055
• No duty to retreat if the person is in a place where they have a right to be.

KRS 503.090 – Use of Physical Force in Law Enforcement

• Physical force is justifiable when the defendant, acting under official authority, is making or assisting in making an arrest and:
  • Believes force is necessary to effect the arrest
  • Makes known the purpose of the arrest or believes it is otherwise known or cannot reasonably be made known
  • Believes the arrest to be lawful
• Deadly physical force in effecting an arrest is justifiable only when:
  • The defendant is authorized to act as a peace officer
  • The arrest is for a felony involving the use or threatened use of physical force likely to cause death or serious physical injury
  • The defendant believes the person to be arrested is likely to endanger human life unless apprehended without delay
• Preventing escape: Physical force, including deadly force, is justifiable when preventing the escape of an arrested person when such force could justifiably have been used to effect the arrest. A guard or person authorized to act as a peace officer is justified in using any force, including deadly force, believed necessary to prevent escape from jail, prison, or other detention institution.

KRS 503.100 – Prevention of a Suicide or Crime

• Physical force is justifiable when the defendant believes it is immediately necessary to prevent another person from:
  • Committing suicide or inflicting serious physical injury upon themselves
  • Committing a crime involving or threatening serious physical injury to persons, substantial damage to or loss of property, or any other violent conduct
• Deadly physical force is justifiable only when the defendant believes the person they seek to prevent from committing a crime is likely to endanger human life.
• The limitations on justifiable use of force from KRS 503.050, 503.060, 503.070, 503.080, and 503.090 apply notwithstanding the criminality of the conduct against which force is used.

KRS 503.110 – Use of Force by Person with Responsibility for Care, Discipline, or Safety of Others

• Parents, guardians, teachers, and caregivers may use physical force when they believe it is necessary to promote the welfare of a minor or mentally disabled person, or to maintain reasonable discipline, provided the force is not designed to cause or known to create a substantial risk of death, serious physical injury, disfigurement, extreme pain, or extreme mental distress.
• Correctional institution officials may use physical force believed necessary to enforce lawful rules, provided the degree of force is not forbidden by statute and any deadly force used is otherwise justifiable under the code.
• Vehicle/carrier operators may use physical force believed necessary to prevent interference with operation or maintain order; deadly force may only be used when believed necessary to prevent death or serious physical injury.
• Doctors and therapists may use physical force for administering recognized treatment believed to promote the patient's health, with proper consent or in emergencies when no competent person can be consulted.

Key Takeaways for Concealed Carry Permit Holders

• Kentucky is a Stand Your Ground state — there is no duty to retreat in any place where you have a right to be.
• Castle Doctrine protections provide a presumption of reasonable fear when defensive force is used against unlawful, forcible entry into a dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle.
• Deadly force is justified only when you reasonably believe it is necessary to prevent death, serious physical injury, kidnapping, sexual intercourse compelled by force or threat, or a felony involving the use of force.
• The Castle Doctrine presumption does not apply if you are engaged in unlawful activity or if the intruder is a peace officer acting in an official capacity who has identified themselves.

Castle Doctrine & Stand Your Ground Laws in Kentucky

Kentucky has both a Castle Doctrine and a Stand Your Ground law, codified primarily under KRS 503.055 and KRS 503.080.

---

Castle Doctrine (KRS 503.055)

Kentucky law establishes a presumption of reasonable fear of imminent peril of death or great bodily harm when a person uses defensive force (including deadly force) against another person if:

1. The aggressor was unlawfully and forcibly entering (or had unlawfully and forcibly entered) a dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle, or was attempting to forcibly remove another person from such a location; and
2. The defender knew or had reason to believe that an unlawful and forcible entry or act was occurring or had occurred.

Additionally, a person who unlawfully and by force enters or attempts to enter a dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle is presumed to be doing so with the intent to commit an unlawful act involving force or violence (KRS 503.055(4)).

Exceptions to the Presumption

The Castle Doctrine presumption does not apply if:

• The person against whom force is used has a right to be in or is a lawful resident of the dwelling, residence, or vehicle (e.g., owner, lessee, titleholder), unless there is an injunction for protection from domestic violence or a written pretrial supervision order of no contact against that person.
• The person sought to be removed is a child or grandchild, or is otherwise in the lawful custody or guardianship of the person against whom force is used.
• The person using defensive force is engaged in unlawful activity or is using the dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle to further an unlawful activity.
• The person against whom force is used is a peace officer (as defined in KRS 446.010) entering or attempting to enter in the performance of official duties, and the officer identified himself or herself in accordance with applicable law, or the person using force knew or reasonably should have known the person was a peace officer.

---

Stand Your Ground (KRS 503.055(3))

Kentucky is a Stand Your Ground state. Under KRS 503.055(3):

A person who is not engaged in an unlawful activity and who is attacked in any place where he or she has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and meet force with force, including deadly force, if he or she reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to:

• Prevent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another; or
• Prevent the commission of a felony involving the use of force.

---

Protection of Property (KRS 503.080)

Kentucky law also addresses the use of force in protection of property:

• Physical force is justifiable when the defender believes it is immediately necessary to prevent:

  • Criminal trespass, robbery, burglary, or other felony involving the use of force in a dwelling, building, or real property in the defender's possession (or in the possession of another person for whose protection the defender acts); or
  • Theft, criminal mischief, or any trespassory taking of tangible, movable property.

• Deadly physical force in protection of property is justifiable only when the defender believes the aggressor is:

  • Attempting to dispossess the defender of his or her dwelling (other than under a claim of right to possession); or
  • Committing or attempting to commit burglary, robbery, or other felony involving the use of force of such dwelling, or under circumstances permitted under KRS 503.055.

• Under KRS 503.080(3), a person does not have a duty to retreat if the person is in a place where he or she has a right to be.

---

Key Takeaways for Concealed Carry Permit Holders

• No duty to retreat anywhere you have a legal right to be, as long as you are not engaged in unlawful activity.
• Deadly force is justified when you reasonably believe it is necessary to prevent death, great bodily harm, or a felony involving the use of force.
• The Castle Doctrine provides a legal presumption in your favor when defending against unlawful, forcible entry into your dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle.
• The presumption does not apply against lawful residents, law enforcement acting in official capacity, or if you are engaged in unlawful activity.

Duty to Inform Law Enforcement in Kentucky

No Proactive Duty to Inform — But Must Disclose When Asked

Kentucky does not require concealed carriers to proactively inform law enforcement that they are armed upon initial contact. There is no provision in KRS Chapter 237 (concealed carry licensing) or KRS 527.020 (carrying concealed weapon) that mandates a person to volunteer this information unprompted.

However, Kentucky is classified as an "inform when asked" state. Under KRS 237.110(15), CCDW license holders must carry their license at all times when armed and display the license upon request of a law enforcement officer. This creates a legal obligation to disclose and present documentation when directly asked — distinguishing Kentucky from states with no duty-to-inform requirements whatsoever.

Statutory Text — KRS 237.110(15)

"The licensee shall carry the license at all times the licensee is carrying a concealed firearm or other deadly weapon and shall display the license upon request of a law enforcement officer."

Penalty for non-compliance: Failure to have the CCDW license in possession while carrying constitutes a noncriminal violation punishable by a $25.00 fine, payable to the clerk of the District Court. No court costs are assessed.

— As amended by 2025 Ky. Acts ch. 59, sec. 7, effective July 1, 2025

Permitless (Constitutional) Carry Considerations

As of June 28, 2019 (pursuant to 2019 Senate Bill 150), any person aged 21 or older who can lawfully possess a firearm may carry concealed without a license. For permitless carriers:

• There is no license to present, so the KRS 237.110(15) display requirement does not apply.
• Kentucky law imposes no separate duty-to-inform obligation on permitless carriers.
• However, carriers should be prepared to provide valid state-issued identification if asked by law enforcement to verify age and legal eligibility.

Open Carry

Kentucky permits open carry without any permit or license. There are no duty-to-inform requirements for open carry.

2025 Legislative Update

The Kentucky General Assembly passed 2025 Ky. Acts ch. 59, which amended KRS 237.110 effective July 1, 2025. Section 7 of the act updated the penalty provision for failure to carry a CCDW license while armed. The noncriminal violation and $25.00 fine structure remain unchanged, but the statutory language was formally codified through this enactment.

Practical Guidance for Law Enforcement Encounters

• If you hold a CCDW license: Carry your license at all times when armed. If an officer asks whether you are carrying or requests to see your permit, you are legally required to display it.
• If you carry under permitless carry: While not legally required to volunteer information, you must respond truthfully if asked by an officer whether you are armed.
• Recommended traffic stop protocol: Keep hands visible on the steering wheel, wait for the officer to speak first, and if asked or if you choose to disclose, state calmly: "Officer, I have a concealed carry permit and I am currently armed. How would you like me to proceed?"
• Do not reach for your firearm, wallet, or glove compartment until instructed by the officer.
• Although not legally mandated, many firearms law experts recommend voluntary disclosure during any law enforcement encounter as a safety and courtesy measure — this can reduce tension and demonstrate a cooperative attitude.

Comparison to Other States

Kentucky falls into the "only when asked" category of duty-to-inform states, alongside states such as Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Virginia, and Ohio. This is distinct from:

• Proactive duty states (e.g., Texas, Michigan, Louisiana) — where carriers must inform officers immediately upon contact, unprompted
• No duty states (e.g., Georgia, Indiana, Montana) — where there is no obligation to inform even when asked (though lying to an officer may still carry consequences)

Relevant Statutes and Authority

Kentucky Concealed Carry Training Requirements

Important Context: Permitless Carry

Kentucky is a permitless carry state (effective June 2019). Persons 21 years of age or older who are not otherwise prohibited from possessing firearms may carry concealed without a permit. However, Kentucky still issues Carry Concealed Deadly Weapon (CCDW) licenses for those who wish to obtain one (e.g., for reciprocity with other states). The training requirements below apply to obtaining a CCDW license.

General Training Requirement

Pursuant to KRS 237.110(4)(i), applicants for a CCDW license must demonstrate competence with a firearm by successful completion of a firearms safety or training course that meets one of the following criteria:

Option 1: Course Conducted by a Nationally Certified Firearms Instructor

A firearms safety or training course conducted by a firearms instructor who is:

• Certified by a national organization that certifies firearms instructors
• Includes the use of written tests
• Includes in-person instruction
• Includes a component of live-fire training

Option 2: Course Offered or Approved by the Department of Criminal Justice Training (DOCJT)

The DOCJT-approved firearms safety course shall:

1. Be not more than eight (8) hours in length (with at least six (6) hours of classroom instruction per 503 KAR 4:050)
2. Include instruction on:
   • Handguns
   • The safe use of handguns
   • The care and cleaning of handguns
   • Handgun marksmanship principles
3. Include actual range firing of a handgun in a safe manner, including:
   • Firing of not more than twenty (20) rounds at a full-size silhouette target
   • During which firing, not less than eleven (11) rounds must hit the silhouette portion of the target
4. Include information on and a copy of laws relating to:
   • Possession and carrying of firearms (KRS Chapters 237 and 527)
   • Laws relating to the use of force (KRS Chapter 503)

Additional Knowledge Requirement

Per KRS 237.110(4)(j), applicants must also demonstrate knowledge of the law regarding justifiable use of force by:

• Including with the application a copy of the concealed carry deadly weapons legal handout made available by the Department of Criminal Justice Training
• Including a signed statement indicating the applicant has read and understands the handout

Training Certificate Validity

A valid CCDW training certificate is good for life. Applicants never have to repeat the course unless they choose to, or unless they received incomplete or insufficient training. Duplicate certificates can be obtained from DOCJT by contacting ccdwprogram@ky.gov or calling 859-622-2299.

Certificate of Completion

Per KRS 237.110(5)(a), a legible photocopy or electronic copy of the certificate of completion issued by a firearms instructor certified by a national organization or the Department of Criminal Justice Training constitutes evidence of qualification.

After course completion, the instructor mails the applicant's application form and test answer sheet to DOCJT's CCDW office within five business days. DOCJT processes the application and sends the applicant a "Certificate of Completion of Training" within 15 business days if they passed the course.

Training Exemptions (KRS 237.110(6))

The following individuals are exempt from the training requirement:

1. Kentucky Peace Officers

• Peace officers currently certified by the Kentucky Law Enforcement Council pursuant to KRS 15.380 to 15.404
• Retired peace officers who are members of the Kentucky Employees Retirement System, State Police Retirement System, County Employees Retirement System, or other retirement system operated by or for a city, county, or urban-county in Kentucky

2. Federal Peace Officers (Current and Retired)

• Any peace officer employed by a federal agency specified in KRS 61.365
• Any peace officer employed by a federal civilian law enforcement agency who has successfully completed the basic law enforcement training course required by that agency
• Any military peace officer of the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, or reserve component thereof, or of the Army National Guard or Air National Guard who has successfully completed the military law enforcement training course
• Any member of the U.S. Coast Guard serving in a peace officer role who has successfully completed the law enforcement training course specified by the Coast Guard

3. Certain Corrections Officers

• Corrections officers currently employed by a county containing a consolidated local government or an urban-county government who have successfully completed a basic firearms training course required for their employment
• Retired corrections officers formerly employed by such counties who successfully completed the required firearms training and are members of a state-administered or local government retirement system

4. Active or Honorably Discharged Military Service Members

Active or honorably discharged service members in the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, or a reserve component thereof, or of the Army National Guard or Air National Guard who have:

• Successfully completed handgun training conducted by their branch of service; OR
• Successfully completed handgun qualification within their branch of service

Documentation for Military Exemption (KRS 237.110(5)(b))

Persons seeking the military training exemption may submit with their application at least one of the following forms showing evidence of handgun training or qualifications:

• Department of Defense Form DD 2586
• Department of Defense Form DD 214
• Coast Guard Form CG 3029
• Department of the Army Form DA 88-R
• Department of the Army Form DA 5704-R
• Department of the Navy Form OPNAV 3591-1
• Department of the Air Force Form AF 522

Alternatively, in lieu of the above forms, applicants may submit:

• Documentary evidence of an honorable discharge; AND
• A notarized affidavit on a form provided by the Department of Kentucky State Police, signed under penalty of perjury, stating the person has met the training requirements of KRS 237.110(6)(d)

No Out-of-State Training Transfer

There is no statutory authority for out-of-state training to satisfy Kentucky's CCDW training requirement. Currently, no waiver of the training requirement is authorized based upon prior completion of out-of-state training approved for obtaining a license in another jurisdiction. The only training waivers authorized by statute are those listed in KRS 237.110(6) as described above.

Instructor and Trainer Requirements

Firearms Instructor Trainers (KRS 237.120)

• Must meet all requirements to be a firearms instructor
• Must possess a high school diploma or GED certificate
• Must successfully complete a firearms instructor trainer course of not more than 16 hours provided by DOCJT
• Must possess at least one valid firearms instructor certification (e.g., NRA Personal Protection Instructor, NRA Pistol Marksmanship Instructor, or equivalent)
• Certification valid for 3 years; must conduct or assist in at least one course and attend in-service training during that period
• Instructor trainer course fee: not more than $100

Certified Firearms Instructors (KRS 237.122)

• Must hold a CCDW license issued pursuant to KRS 237.110
• Must successfully complete a firearms instructor training course of not more than 16 hours provided by a certified firearms instructor trainer
• Certification valid for 3 years; must conduct or assist in at least one applicant training course and attend in-service training
• Instructor course fee: not to exceed $150 (of which $50 is remitted to DOCJT)

Applicant Course Fees (KRS 237.122(8))

• No instructor trainer or certified instructor shall charge a fee in excess of $75 for an applicant training course
• May charge actual cost of range use, targets, associated range materials, and classroom rental not to exceed $10 total
• Instructor remits $25 to DOCJT for training materials and evidence of completion

Penalties for Training Violations

• Not providing firearms training (KRS 237.126): Representing to DOCJT that training was conducted when it was not — Class D felony
• Providing incomplete firearms training (KRS 237.128): Representing training was conducted but failing to provide required components — Class D felony
• Failure to report nonreceipt of firearms training (KRS 237.130): Receiving certification without actually receiving training and not reporting it — Class A misdemeanor
• Failure to report insufficient firearms training (KRS 237.132): Receiving certification without receiving complete training and not reporting it — Class A misdemeanor

Application Process After Training

• Present the Certificate of Completion to the local sheriff's office and fill out an application, OR apply online at the KSP licensing website
• Paper application fees: $40 to the Kentucky State Treasurer (license and background check) + $20 to the sheriff's department (plus photo charge)
• Online application fee: $70 total ($50 for KSP permit application + $20 sheriff's fee)
• Background check takes approximately 3 to 6 weeks
• CCDW license is valid for 5 years
• No additional training is required for renewal

Kentucky CCDW License Application Process

Permitless Carry Note

As of June 28, 2019, pursuant to 2019 Senate Bill 150, any person age 21 or older who is otherwise able to lawfully possess a firearm may carry concealed firearms or other concealed deadly weapons without a license in the same locations as persons with a valid Kentucky CCDW license issued under KRS 237.110. However, obtaining a CCDW license remains beneficial for reciprocity with other states, assistance with firearms purchases from licensed dealers, and training/familiarity with gun laws.

Issuing Authority

The Department of Kentucky State Police is authorized by KRS 237.110 to issue and renew licenses to carry concealed firearms or other deadly weapons, or a combination thereof, to qualified persons.

Application Methods

Online Application

Kentucky State Police provides an online application option at https://kspportal.ky.gov/CCDW. Individuals can register and create personal accounts that allow them to apply, renew, request replacement, update their information, or monitor their current license status.

Paper Application

An applicant for a CCDW license must complete an application form at the sheriff's office in his or her county of residence.

Application Fee

The total application fee is $60, allocated as follows:

• $20 paid to the sheriff of the applicant's county of residence
• $40 paid by check or money order payable to the Kentucky State Treasurer (this portion is allocated to KSP and the Administrative Office of the Courts by statute; KSP collects the AOC portion on its behalf)

Note: Applications not accompanied by a check or money order for $40 payable to the Kentucky State Treasurer will be returned unprocessed to the sheriff of the applicant's county of residence.

Fee Exemption: Active and retired peace officers that meet the requirements of KRS 237.110(7) are exempt from paying the application or renewal fee.

Required Application Materials

The application form, completed under oath, must include:

1. Personal Information: Name, address, date of birth, gender, and Social Security number

2. Photograph meeting one of the following standards:

   • An original color photograph or color photographic copy developed from the negative, no less than 3½" × 4" and not exceeding 4" × 6"
   • A color photograph from a digital camera rated for 7 megapixels or greater, printed on photograph quality paper
   • An original color passport-style photograph that is 2" × 2" in size, with the chin-to-top-of-head measurement between 1" and 1⅜"

   The photograph must display the full front of the head and facial features. The applicant may not be wearing sunglasses, a hat, or attire that obscures a facial feature, hair, or hairline.

3. Training Certificate: A photocopy of a certificate, affidavit, or document certifying completion of a firearms safety or training course offered or approved by the Department of Criminal Justice Training

4. Citizenship Affidavit (if applicable): Non-U.S. citizens must complete the Citizenship Affidavit (KSP Form 131) and submit it to the sheriff of their county of residence to be attached to the application

Processing

• The sheriff forwards the application to the Kentucky State Police within five (5) working days
• KSP conducts a background check upon receipt of the completed application, applicable fees, and required documentation
• Processing time varies depending on circumstances such as background checks and whether the application was submitted correctly

Background Check (KRS 237.110(3))

The background check includes:

• State records check covering items specified in the statute
• Federal records check, including a National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) check
• Federal Immigration Alien Query if the applicant is an alien lawfully admitted to the United States
• Additional consultation with U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Department of Justice, Department of State, or other federal agency if the applicant has not been admitted under permanent resident status and doubt exists regarding eligibility

Eligibility Qualifications (KRS 237.110(4))

The applicant must:

• Be at least 21 years of age
• Meet one of the following residency requirements:
  • U.S. citizen who is a resident of Kentucky
  • U.S. citizen who is an active duty member of the Armed Forces assigned to a military posting in Kentucky
  • Lawfully admitted to the U.S. and permitted by federal law to purchase a firearm, and a resident of Kentucky
  • Lawfully admitted to the U.S. and permitted by federal law to purchase a firearm, assigned to a military posting in Kentucky
• Not be under indictment for, or convicted of, a crime punishable by imprisonment exceeding one year
• Not be a fugitive from justice
• Not be an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance
• Not have been adjudicated as a mental defective or committed to a mental institution
• Not have been dishonorably discharged from the Armed Forces
• Not be subject to a domestic violence order or emergency protective order
• Not have been convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence
• Not be prohibited from purchasing, receiving, or possessing firearms or ammunition under 18 U.S.C. 922(g), 18 U.S.C. 922(n), or applicable state law
• Not have been committed for controlled substance abuse or convicted of a controlled substance misdemeanor within the three (3) years preceding the application
• Not have two or more DUI convictions (KRS 189A.010) within the three (3) years preceding the application
• Not have been committed as an alcoholic under KRS Chapter 222 or similar laws within the three (3) years preceding the application
• Not owe child support arrearage equal to or exceeding one year of nonpayment (if KSP has been notified by the Cabinet for Health and Family Services)
• Have complied with any subpoena or warrant relating to child support or paternity proceedings
• Not have been convicted of KRS 508.030 (Assault 4th degree) or KRS 508.080 (Terroristic Threatening 3rd degree) within the three (3) years preceding the application
• Demonstrate competence with a firearm by successful completion of a firearms safety or training course offered or approved by the Department of Criminal Justice Training

Training Requirement

• A valid training certificate is good for life
• Training must be offered or approved by the Department of Criminal Justice Training
• To find a certified instructor, contact your local sheriff's office
• Duplicate training certificates can be requested from the Department of Criminal Justice Training by fax at (859) 622-8387 or by mail, including full name, Social Security number, and current mailing address
• No out-of-state training transfers: There is no statutory authority for out-of-state training to satisfy Kentucky's training requirement

Training Waivers (KRS 237.110(6))

The following individuals are deemed to have met the training requirement:

• Peace officers currently certified by the Kentucky Law Enforcement Council pursuant to KRS 15.380 to 15.404
• Retired peace officers who are members of the Kentucky Employees Retirement System, State Police Retirement System, or County Employees Retirement System or other retirement system operated by or for a city, county, or urban-county in Kentucky
• Current and retired peace officers of specified federal agencies (as detailed in KRS 61.365 and related provisions)
• Military peace officers who have completed required military law enforcement training
• U.S. Coast Guard members serving in a peace officer role who have completed required training

License Details

• Valid for five (5) years from the date of issuance (unless revoked or suspended)
• Valid throughout the Commonwealth of Kentucky
• Authorizes carrying a concealed firearm or other deadly weapon, or combination thereof, on or about the person
• Authorizes carrying ammunition for a firearm on or about the person

Renewal Process

• 120 days prior to expiration, a written notice of expiration and renewal form is mailed to each licensee
• Late renewal: A licensee who fails to renew by the expiration date may renew by paying the license fees plus a $15 late fee
• No renewal is permitted six (6) months or more after expiration; the license is deemed permanently expired at that point
• A person whose license has permanently expired must reapply for a new license pursuant to KRS 237.110

Replacement License

If a license is lost, stolen, or destroyed:

• Complete a Request for Duplicate CCDW License (KSP Form 126) at the sheriff's office of the county of residence
• Pay $15 by check or money order payable to the Kentucky State Treasurer

Address/Personal Information Changes

• A Change of Personal Information form must be completed at the sheriff's department
• The CCDW section cannot update an address via telephone or fax

Temporary Concealed Carry Permit (KRS 403.754)

Petitioners for an order of protection under KRS 403.715 to 403.785 may apply for a temporary permit to carry a concealed deadly weapon:

• Application must be submitted electronically at https://kspportal.ky.gov/ccdw
• KSP must issue or deny the temporary permit within one (1) working day or as soon as practically possible
• Valid for 45 days from issuance; cannot be extended or reissued
• To convert to a full CCDW license, the applicant must complete firearms safety training within the 45-day period
• If denied, the decision is final, but the regular CCDW application continues to be processed

Contact Information

• CCDW Section Phone: (502) 782-9792
• Email: CCDWquestions@ky.gov
• Online Portal: https://kspportal.ky.gov/CCDW

Kentucky CCDW License Renewal Process

Overview

Under KRS 237.110, the Kentucky Department of Kentucky State Police is authorized to issue and renew licenses to carry concealed firearms or other deadly weapons. A CCDW license is valid for a period of five (5) years from the date of issuance.

Renewal Notification

Not less than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the expiration date of the license, the Department of Kentucky State Police shall mail to each licensee:

• A written notice of the expiration
• A renewal form prescribed by the Department of Kentucky State Police

The outside of the envelope containing the license renewal notice shall bear only the name and address of the applicant. No other information relating to the applicant shall appear on the outside of the envelope. (KRS 237.110(14)(a))

Renewal Requirements

To renew a CCDW license, the licensee must:

1. Take the renewal notice and a color photograph to the Sheriff of their county of residence
2. File the renewal form — either:
   • A paper renewal form filed with the Sheriff of the county of residence, or
   • An electronic renewal form filed directly with the Department of Kentucky State Police in lieu of a paper form
3. State that the licensee remains qualified pursuant to the eligibility criteria specified in KRS 237.110 subsections (3) and (4)
4. Pay the required renewal fees (see Fees section below)
5. Non-U.S. Citizens must complete and submit the Citizenship Affidavit (KSP Form 131) to the Sheriff of their county of residence to be attached to the renewal form

Photograph Requirements for Renewal

The photograph submitted must:

• Be in color
• Be no less than 3½ inches × 4 inches and no more than 4 inches × 5 inches
• Display the full front of the head and facial features of the applicant
• Not show the applicant wearing sunglasses or attire that obscures facial features
• Be an original photograph or a photographic copy developed from the negative of an original photograph
• Not be an image produced by a computer, copier, or other copy machine
• Digital photographs or their printed images are not acceptable (per the KSP CCDW Application Process page)

Background Check

Prior to issuance of a renewal license, the Department of Kentucky State Police shall conduct a background check upon receipt of a completed application, applicable fees, and required documentation. The background check includes (KRS 237.110(3)):

• A state records check
• A federal records check, including a National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) check
• A federal Immigration Alien Query if the person is an alien lawfully admitted to the United States
• Additional consultation with federal agencies (DHS, DOJ, State Department) if the applicant has not been admitted under permanent resident status and a doubt exists regarding eligibility

Renewal Fees

The renewal fee is structured as follows:

• $20.00 paid to the Sheriff
• $40.00 check or money order payable to the Kentucky State Treasurer
• Total: $60.00 for on-time renewal

If the renewal application is submitted after the expiration date, an additional late fee of $15.00 applies, making the check/money order to the Kentucky State Treasurer $55.00 (total of $75.00).

Receipt

Upon filing:

• The Sheriff shall issue to the applicant a receipt for the paper application for renewal and shall date the receipt
• The Department of Kentucky State Police shall issue a receipt for an electronic application for renewal submitted in lieu of a paper application and shall date the receipt

Late Renewal

A licensee who fails to file a renewal application on or before the expiration date may still renew by paying the standard license fees plus a late fee of fifteen dollars ($15.00). (KRS 237.110(14)(c))

Permanent Expiration

• No license shall be renewed six (6) months or more after its expiration date
• The license shall be deemed permanently expired six (6) months after its expiration date (KRS 237.110(14)(c))
• A person whose license has permanently expired must reapply for licensure as a new applicant pursuant to KRS 237.110 subsections (7), (8), and (9) by obtaining a new CCDW application from the Sheriff of their county of residence

Expired License Status

A license which has expired shall be void and shall not be valid for any purpose other than surrender to the Sheriff in exchange for a renewal license. (KRS 237.110(14)(b))

Upon issuance of a new (renewed) license, the old license shall be destroyed by the Sheriff.

Eligibility Criteria for Renewal

The same eligibility criteria apply for renewal as for an original license under KRS 237.110(4), including but not limited to:

• Not prohibited from possession of firearms under 18 U.S.C. 922(g) or (n), or applicable federal or state law
• U.S. citizen and Kentucky resident (or qualifying military/lawful alien status)
• Age 21 or older
• No commitment for controlled substance abuse or misdemeanor drug conviction within the preceding 3 years
• No chronic/habitual alcohol abuse (two or more DUI convictions within 3 years, or commitment as alcoholic within 3 years)
• No outstanding child support arrearage equal to or exceeding one year of nonpayment
• Compliance with subpoenas/warrants relating to child support or paternity proceedings

Permitless Carry Note

As of June 28, 2019, pursuant to 2019 Senate Bill 150, any person age 21 or older who can lawfully possess a firearm may carry concealed firearms without a license in Kentucky. However, maintaining a CCDW license remains beneficial for:

• Reciprocity — most other states still require a license for concealed carry
• Firearms purchases from licensed dealers
• Training and familiarity with gun laws

LEOSA Renewal (Retired Law Enforcement)

For qualified honorably retired peace officers holding LEOSA certification under 18 U.S.C. 926C:

• The renewal process is the same as the initial application
• Licensees seeking renewal do not have to resubmit the "LEOSA Law Enforcement Retirement Certification" (KSP Form 124B) if previously accepted by Kentucky State Police
• LEOSA license is valid for 12 months from the date of the most recent range qualification
• The associated CCDW license is valid for 5 years
• No fee for LEOSA application or renewal

Kentucky Concealed Carry Deadly Weapon (CCDW) License — Fees and Costs

Permitless Carry Note

As of June 28, 2019 (2019 Senate Bill 150), any person age 21 or older who is otherwise able to lawfully possess a firearm may carry concealed firearms or other concealed deadly weapons without a license in Kentucky. However, obtaining a CCDW license remains beneficial for reciprocity with other states, expedited firearms purchases, and formal training. (KRS 237.110)

---

Initial Application Fee

Paper Application: Two separate payments are required — $20 payable to the sheriff of the applicant's county of residence, and $40 by check or money order payable to the "Kentucky State Treasurer." (KRS 237.110(7)(b))

Electronic Application: A single fee of $70 is submitted to the Department of Kentucky State Police. (KRS 237.110(7)(c))

---

Renewal Fee

• If the renewal application is submitted after the expiration date, the payment to the Kentucky State Treasurer increases to $55 (instead of $40).
• Late Fee: An additional $15 late fee applies if the renewal application is filed after the license expiration date. (KRS 237.110(14)(c))
• Permanent Expiration: No license shall be renewed six (6) months or more after its expiration date. After six months, the license is deemed permanently expired, and the person must reapply as a new applicant. (KRS 237.110(14)(c))

---

Duplicate License (Lost, Stolen, or Destroyed)

Payment is made to the Kentucky State Treasurer. A notarized statement that the license has been lost, stolen, or destroyed must be furnished to the Department of Kentucky State Police. (KRS 237.110(12))

---

Fee Exemptions

The following individuals are exempt from paying the paper or electronic application or renewal fees: (KRS 237.110(7)(d))

1. Full-time or part-time peace officers currently certified by the Kentucky Law Enforcement Council who are authorized by their employer or government authority to carry a concealed deadly weapon at all times and all locations within the Commonwealth pursuant to KRS 527.020.
2. Retired peace officers who are members of the Kentucky Employees Retirement System, State Police Retirement System, County Employees Retirement System, or other retirement system operated by or for a city, county, or urban-county government in Kentucky.

---

Penalties and Noncriminal Violations

---

Training-Related Fees

Note: No portion of a training fee shall be refunded to a student who fails or does not complete the required course of instruction. (KRS 237.122(9))

---

Retired Peace Officer Firearms Qualification Fee

Retired peace officers qualifying under the federal Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (18 U.S.C. § 926C) and KRS 237.138–237.142:

(KRS 237.140(4)(c)–(d))

---

Processing Timeframes

(KRS 237.110(9))

---

Summary of All Fees at a Glance

Kentucky Weapon Restrictions for Concealed Carry

Prohibited Locations for Concealed Carry

Pursuant to Kentucky law, no CCDW license shall authorize any person to carry a concealed firearm into the following locations:

Absolute Prohibited Locations

1. Police stations or sheriff's offices
2. Detention facilities, prisons, or jails
3. Courthouses — specifically any courthouse solely occupied by the Court of Justice courtroom, or court proceeding
4. Government body meetings — any meeting of the governing body of a county, municipality, or special district; or any meeting of the General Assembly or a committee of the General Assembly
   • Exception: A member of the governing body who holds a CCDW license may carry a concealed deadly weapon at a meeting of the body of which he or she is a member
5. Establishments serving alcohol — any portion of an establishment licensed to dispense beer or alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises, which portion of the establishment is primarily devoted to that purpose
6. Schools and child-care facilities — any elementary or secondary school facility without the consent of school authorities as provided in KRS 527.070; any child-caring facility as defined in KRS 199.011; any day-care center as defined in KRS 199.894; or any certified family child-care home as defined in KRS 199.8982
   • Exception: Any owner of a certified child-care home may carry a concealed firearm into the owner's residence used as a certified child-care home
7. Restricted airport areas — any area of an airport to which access is controlled by the inspection of persons and property
8. Any place where the carrying of firearms is prohibited by federal law

Additional Location Restrictions

• State and local government property: Units of state and local governments have the authority to limit the carrying of concealed weapons on property owned or controlled by them (KRS 237.115)
• Postsecondary education facilities: Colleges, universities, technical schools, and community colleges have the authority to limit the carrying of concealed weapons on property owned or controlled by them (KRS 237.115). Carriers should check with these institutions prior to carrying on their property.
• Private premises: Kentucky law does not prohibit the owners of private premises from excluding persons carrying firearms. Failure to vacate private premises when asked to do so could result in a criminal trespass charge.

Related Statutory Prohibitions

• KRS 527.070 prohibits unlawful possession (whether carried openly or concealed) of a weapon on school property, except for certain specified exceptions
• KRS 244.125 prohibits loaded firearms (concealed or otherwise) in places where alcohol is sold by the drink, except for certain specified exceptions

Weapons Covered Under the CCDW License

The CCDW license covers the following concealed deadly weapons:

• Any weapon from which a shot, readily capable of producing death or serious physical injury, may be discharged
• Any knife other than an ordinary pocket knife or hunting knife
• Billy, nightstick, or club
• Blackjack or slapjack
• Nunchaku karate sticks
• Shiriken or death star
• Artificial knuckles made from plastic, or other similar hard material

Restricted Ammunition

Using restricted ammunition (armor-piercing ammunition or flanged ammunition as defined in KRS 237.060) during the commission of a felony is a separate criminal offense:

• Class D felony if no shot is fired
• Class C felony if a shot is fired and no person is killed or wounded
• Class B felony if a shot is fired and a person (other than the defendant or accomplice) is wounded
• Class A felony if a shot is fired and a person (other than the defendant or accomplice) is killed

The sentence for this offense shall be served consecutively to the sentence for the underlying offense. This provision does not apply to any person justified in acting pursuant to KRS Chapter 503 (self-defense/justification).

Vehicle Firearm Possession Protections (KRS 237.106)

• No person, including an employer, who is the owner, lessee, or occupant of real property shall prohibit any person who is legally entitled to possess a firearm from possessing a firearm, part of a firearm, ammunition, or ammunition component in a vehicle on the property
• An employer that fires, disciplines, demotes, or otherwise punishes an employee lawfully exercising this right shall be liable in civil damages
• A firearm may be removed from the vehicle or handled in the case of self-defense, defense of another, defense of property, or as authorized by the property owner/lessee/occupant
• Exceptions: This protection does not apply to U.S. government property where firearms are prohibited, detention facilities (KRS 520.010), or where Kentucky statutes specifically prohibit possession

Emergency/Disaster Protections (KRS 237.104)

No person, unit of government, or governmental organization shall, during a period of disaster or emergency (KRS Chapter 39A) or at any other time:

• Revoke, suspend, limit, or impair the right to purchase, transfer, loan, own, possess, carry, or use a firearm, firearm part, ammunition, ammunition component, or any deadly weapon
• Take, seize, confiscate, or impound a firearm or deadly weapon from any person

Exceptions: This protection does not apply to persons forbidden to possess firearms under KRS 527.040 or federal law, persons violating KRS 527.020, persons in possession of stolen firearms, persons using firearms in the commission of a criminal offense, or persons using firearms in violation of KRS Chapter 150.

License Compliance Requirements

• Possession of license: Failure to have the CCDW license in possession when carrying a concealed firearm or deadly weapon is a non-criminal violation punishable by a $25.00 fine
• Address change notification: License holders must notify Kentucky State Police within 30 days of changing a permanent address. Failure to do so is a noncriminal violation with a penalty of $25.00 payable to the clerk of the District Court

License Validity and Protection (KRS 237.102)

• The CCDW license is valid for five (5) years from the date of issuance unless suspended or revoked
• No person, unit of government, or governmental organization may suspend, revoke, limit, or impair the validity of a CCDW license except for reasons specified in KRS 237.110 and done in the manner specified therein
• No action taken pursuant to KRS Chapter 39A (emergency powers) shall apply to a CCDW license or its holder

Relevant Kentucky Revised Statutes

• KRS Chapter 237 — Firearms and concealed deadly weapons
• KRS Chapter 244 — Alcoholic beverage regulations
• KRS Chapter 527 — Offenses relating to firearms and weapons
• KRS 237.060 — Definitions (armor-piercing ammunition, flanged ammunition)
• KRS 237.106 — Vehicle firearm possession rights
• KRS 237.110 — CCDW licensing provisions
• KRS 237.115 — Government and postsecondary authority to limit concealed carry
• KRS 527.020 — Carrying concealed deadly weapon
• KRS 527.040 — Possession of firearm by convicted felon
• KRS 527.070 — Unlawful possession of weapon on school property

Carrying Under the Influence in Kentucky

Kentucky does not have a specific statute that directly prohibits carrying a concealed firearm while under the influence of alcohol or drugs as a standalone criminal offense (i.e., there is no dedicated "carrying under the influence" crime with a defined BAC threshold, unlike some other states). However, Kentucky law addresses the intersection of alcohol, controlled substances, and firearms carry through several important provisions affecting CCDW license eligibility, where you may carry, training requirements, and federal prohibitions.

Alcohol-Related Restrictions on Carrying

Prohibited Locations: Bars and Establishments Serving Alcohol

Under KRS 237.110(17)(e), a CCDW license does not authorize carrying a concealed firearm into:

"Any portion of an establishment licensed to dispense beer or alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises, which portion of the establishment is primarily devoted to that purpose."

Key distinction — restaurants vs. bars: You may carry a concealed weapon in a restaurant that serves alcohol, provided you remain outside the portion of the establishment "primarily devoted" to dispensing and consuming alcohol on-premises (i.e., the bar area). A restaurant that also has a liquor license is not entirely off-limits — only the bar-area portion is restricted. For example, sitting in the dining area of a restaurant like Red Lobster or Applebee's is permissible; sitting at the bar or in a dedicated bar section is not.

This restriction applies equally to CCDW license holders and permitless carriers (see Permitless Carry section below).

Complete List of Prohibited Carry Locations

For context, the bar-area restriction is one of several location-based prohibitions under KRS 237.110(17). A CCDW license does not authorize concealed carry in:

• (a) Any police station or sheriff's office
• (b) Any detention facility, prison, or jail
• (c) Any courthouse, courtroom solely occupied by the Court of Justice, or court proceeding
• (d) Any meeting of a governing body of a county, municipality, or special district; or any meeting of the General Assembly or its committees (exception: members of the body who hold a CCDW license may carry at their own body's meetings)
• (e) Any portion of an establishment licensed to dispense beer or alcoholic beverages for on-premises consumption that is primarily devoted to that purpose
• (f) Any elementary or secondary school facility (without consent of school authorities per KRS 527.070), any child-caring facility (KRS 199.011), any day-care center (KRS 199.894), or any certified family child-care home (KRS 199.8982) — exception: owners of a certified child-care home may carry in their own residence
• (g) An area of an airport to which access is controlled by inspection of persons and property
• (h) Any place where carrying firearms is prohibited by federal law

Additionally, under KRS 237.115, units of state and local government and postsecondary education facilities (colleges, universities, technical schools, and community colleges) may limit the carrying of concealed weapons on property they own or control. Private property owners may also exclude persons carrying firearms.

DUI Convictions as a CCDW Disqualifier

Kentucky law treats a pattern of alcohol-related convictions as evidence of chronic and habitual alcohol use, which disqualifies a person from holding a CCDW license:

• Two (2) or more convictions for violating KRS 189A.010 (Operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol or other substance which impairs driving ability — commonly known as "DUI") within the three (3) years immediately preceding the date on which the application is submitted will result in denial, suspension, or revocation of a CCDW license — per KRS 237.110(4)(e).

Note: The Kentucky State Police FAQ confirms that "conviction of two DUIs within the past three years" is a disqualifier, and that this is a time-limited disqualifier — once the three-year lookback period has passed without additional DUI convictions, the applicant may reapply.

For reference, Kentucky DUI law (KRS 189A.010) defines DUI as driving while intoxicated or under the influence of any substance that impairs driving ability. This includes alcohol, illegal drugs, prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and inhalants (per the Kentucky Division of Driver Licensing).

Commitment as an Alcoholic

• A person who has been committed as an alcoholic pursuant to KRS Chapter 222 (Kentucky Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment Law) or similar laws of another state within the three (3) year period immediately preceding the date on which the application is submitted is disqualified from obtaining or holding a CCDW license — per KRS 237.110(4)(e).

This is also a time-limited disqualifier with a three-year lookback.

Controlled Substance Restrictions

Unlawful Use of or Addiction to Controlled Substances

• A person who is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance is prohibited from obtaining or holding a CCDW license. This disqualifier has no time limitation — it applies as long as the condition exists — per the CCDW qualification requirements referencing 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3) and KRS 237.110(4)(a).

The Kentucky State Police explicitly note: "While some disqualifiers listed above have a three-year limitation, other disqualifiers, such as conviction of a felony or misdemeanor crime of domestic violence, do not have a time limitation." The "unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance" disqualifier falls in this category of permanent disqualifiers (as long as the condition persists).

Controlled Substance Convictions or Commitments

• A person who has been committed to a state or federal facility for the abuse of a controlled substance within the three (3) year period immediately preceding the application date is disqualified — per KRS 237.110(4)(d).
• A person who has been convicted of a misdemeanor violation of KRS Chapter 218A (Kentucky's Controlled Substances Act) or similar laws of any other state within the three (3) year period immediately preceding the application date is disqualified — per KRS 237.110(4)(d).

Medicinal Cannabis and Firearms — Special Considerations

Kentucky enacted KRS Chapter 218B (Medicinal Cannabis), creating a state-legal framework for medicinal cannabis use. However, this creates a significant conflict with federal law:

• Cannabis (marijuana) remains a Schedule I controlled substance under federal law (21 U.S.C. § 812).
• Under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3), any person who is an "unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance" is prohibited from possessing firearms or ammunition. Because cannabis is illegal under federal law, a user of medicinal cannabis — even one with a valid Kentucky medicinal cannabis authorization — is considered an "unlawful user" under federal law and is federally prohibited from possessing firearms.
• The Kentucky General Assembly has addressed this conflict through legislative resolutions. In the 2025 Regular Session (25RS), both House Concurrent Resolution 19 and House Resolution 48 addressed the topic of "Users of medical cannabis, possession of firearms," signaling legislative awareness of the tension between state medicinal cannabis law and federal firearms prohibitions.

Concealed carriers who use medicinal cannabis should be aware that they may face federal prosecution for firearms possession regardless of their compliance with Kentucky's medicinal cannabis program.

CCDW Training Requirement: No Intoxication at Training

Under 502 KAR 13:010, Section (f), a person attending a CCDW firearms safety or training course must certify that they are:

"Not under the influence of alcohol or another intoxicating or hallucinatory drug or substance."

This administrative regulation ensures that applicants are sober during the mandatory training component of the CCDW licensing process. Appearing at a training course while intoxicated would disqualify the training certificate.

No Specific BAC Threshold for Carrying

Unlike some states that set a specific blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for carrying a firearm (e.g., 0.02%, 0.04%, or 0.08%), Kentucky's statutes do not establish a specific BAC level at which carrying a concealed weapon becomes a criminal offense. There is no standalone "carrying while intoxicated" offense in KRS Chapter 527 (Offenses Relating to Firearms and Weapons) or KRS Chapter 237 (Firearms and Destructive Devices) with a defined BAC threshold.

Comparison — Boating Under the Influence: For context, Kentucky does set a BAC threshold for operating vessels. Under KRS 235.240, it is illegal to operate a boat or vessel while intoxicated, with a threshold of 0.08 BAC — the same as motor vehicle DUI. Kentucky law includes implied consent for boating (operators on Kentucky waters are deemed to have consented to testing). No equivalent implied-consent or BAC provision exists for carrying a firearm.

Under-21 Note: Drivers under 21 in Kentucky are subject to a "Zero Alcohol Tolerance" policy with a 0.02 BAC threshold for motor vehicle operation. This does not directly apply to firearms carry but reflects the general statutory approach to alcohol and persons under 21.

Permitless Carry Considerations

Kentucky enacted permitless (constitutional) carry effective June 27, 2019 (2019 KY Senate Bill 150), allowing persons aged 21 and older who are legally entitled to possess a firearm to carry concealed without a CCDW license. Key points for the alcohol/substance context:

• Same location restrictions apply: Permitless carriers are subject to the same prohibited-location rules as CCDW license holders, including the bar-area prohibition under KRS 237.110(17)(e).
• Same federal prohibitions apply: Under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3), it is a federal crime for any person who is an "unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance" to possess a firearm or ammunition, regardless of whether they hold a CCDW license or carry under permitless carry.
• CCDW license still available: Kentucky continues to issue CCDW licenses (valid for 5 years, $60 renewal fee) for those who wish to obtain them, primarily for reciprocity purposes when traveling to other states. The same substance-related disqualifiers apply to license applicants.

Additional Disqualifiers Related to Violent Behavior

While not directly alcohol/substance-related, the following disqualifiers may interact with impairment scenarios:

• Assault in the fourth degree (KRS 508.030) conviction within the past 3 years — CCDW license denied/revoked per KRS 237.110(4)(h).
• Terroristic threatening in the third degree (KRS 508.080) conviction within the past 3 years — CCDW license denied/revoked per KRS 237.110(4)(h).
• Waiver available: The Kentucky State Police may waive the assault/terroristic threatening disqualifier based on a showing of good cause and a determination that the applicant is not a danger (per KRS 237.110(4)(h)).

Public Intoxication Law

Under KRS 222.202, Kentucky law prohibits drinking alcoholic beverages in public places (excluding establishments licensed to sell such beverages). Public waterways are expressly considered public places. Persons who are manifestly under the influence of alcohol in a public place to the extent that they may unreasonably annoy or endanger themselves or others are subject to arrest. While this is not firearm-specific, carrying a firearm while manifestly intoxicated in a public place could compound legal exposure.

Rights During Emergencies

Under KRS 237.104, no person, unit of government, or governmental organization may revoke, suspend, limit, or impair the right to possess, carry, or use a firearm during a disaster or emergency (or at any other time). However, this protection does not apply to persons who are:

• Forbidden to possess a firearm under KRS 527.040 (convicted felons)
• Forbidden to possess a firearm under federal law (including 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3) — unlawful users of controlled substances)
• Violating KRS 527.020 (carrying concealed deadly weapon unlawfully)
• In possession of a stolen firearm
• Using a firearm in the commission of a criminal offense

This means that even during emergencies, a person who is an unlawful user of or addicted to controlled substances remains prohibited from possessing firearms.

Practical Summary for Concealed Carriers

Federal Law Overlay

Regardless of Kentucky state law:

• 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3) makes it a federal felony for any person who is an "unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance" (as defined under federal law, including marijuana/cannabis, which remains a Schedule I substance under 21 U.S.C. § 812) to ship, transport, receive, or possess firearms or ammunition.
• This federal prohibition applies even if the person holds a valid Kentucky CCDW license, carries under permitless carry, or uses cannabis pursuant to Kentucky's medicinal cannabis program (KRS Chapter 218B).
• ATF Form 4473 (required for firearm purchases from licensed dealers) asks whether the buyer is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance, and includes a warning that marijuana use disqualifies the buyer regardless of state law.

Pending and Recent Legislation

• 25RS House Concurrent Resolution 19 and House Resolution 48 — Addressed "Users of medical cannabis, possession of firearms," signaling legislative interest in resolving the conflict between Kentucky's medicinal cannabis law and federal firearms prohibitions.
• 26RS House Bill 126 — Addresses background checks for private firearms sales and transfers.
• 25RS House Bill 331 — Also addressed background checks for private firearms sales and transfers.

Concealed carriers should monitor legislative developments, particularly regarding the medicinal cannabis/firearms conflict, as federal or state law changes could significantly alter the legal landscape.

Key Statutes and Regulations

Disclaimer

The Kentucky Department of State Police advises that it is not authorized to issue legal opinions to the public. For legal questions about carrying firearms under the influence in Kentucky, consult the Office of the Attorney General (Capitol Suite 118, 700 Capitol Avenue, Frankfort, KY 40601-3449) or private counsel. For federal law questions, contact the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) Louisville Field Division at (502) 753-3400.

Content based on Kentucky Revised Statutes, Kentucky Administrative Regulations, Kentucky State Police CCDW program materials, Kentucky Legislative Research Commission records, and Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources. Last reviewed: April 2026.

Kentucky Firearm Storage Requirements

Overview

Kentucky does not have a general state law mandating specific storage requirements for firearms in the home. There are no state statutes requiring firearms to be stored in locked containers, with trigger locks, or in any particular manner for the general population. Kentucky also has no "child access prevention" (CAP) law imposing criminal liability on adults who fail to secure firearms from minors.

Since June 28, 2019, Kentucky has been a constitutional carry (permitless carry) state, meaning lawful gun owners aged 21 and older may carry concealed firearms without a CCDW license. This permissive framework extends to storage — the state imposes minimal prescriptive requirements on how firearms must be kept.

Vehicle Storage Provisions

Kentucky law specifically addresses the storage and transport of firearms in vehicles under KRS 527.020(8):

• A loaded or unloaded firearm or other deadly weapon is not deemed concealed on or about the person if it is located in any enclosed container, compartment, or storage space installed as original equipment in a motor vehicle by its manufacturer, including but not limited to:
  • Glove compartment
  • Center console
  • Seat pocket
• This applies regardless of whether the enclosed container, storage space, or compartment is locked, unlocked, or does not have a locking mechanism.

Carrying a Concealed Weapon — Penalties (KRS 527.020)

• KRS 527.020(1): "A person is guilty of carrying a concealed weapon when he or she carries concealed a firearm or other deadly weapon on or about his or her person."
• KRS 527.020(9): Carrying a concealed weapon is a Class A misdemeanor, unless the defendant has been previously convicted of a felony in which a deadly weapon was possessed, used, or displayed, in which case it is a Class D felony.

Protection of Vehicle Storage Rights

• No person or organization, public or private, shall prohibit a person from keeping a loaded or unloaded firearm or ammunition, or both, or other deadly weapon in a vehicle in accordance with KRS 527.020(8).
• Any attempt to violate this provision may be the subject of an action for appropriate relief or for damages in a Circuit Court or District Court of competent jurisdiction.
• This subsection does not apply to any person prohibited from possessing a firearm pursuant to KRS 527.040 (persons prohibited from possessing firearms, such as convicted felons).

Dealer and Commercial Storage Requirements

While private individuals face no storage mandates, Kentucky administrative regulations impose requirements on firearms dealers. Under 502 KAR 13:010, regulated firearms must:

• Not be stored in an area accessible to the public

This regulation applies to licensed dealers and commercial operations, not to private firearm owners in their homes.

Minors and Firearm Access

Under KRS 527.100, possession of a handgun by a person under the age of 18 is generally prohibited. The statute also covers manufacturing and transporting handguns (as defined by KRS 527.010). Specific exceptions include:

• (a) Attendance at a hunter's safety course or a firearms safety course
• (b) Practice or target shooting at an established firing range, or any other area where the discharge of a firearm is not prohibited
• (c) Organized competition involving firearms, or participating in or practicing for a performance by a 501(c)(3) organization that uses firearms as part of the performance
• (d) Hunting or trapping with a valid license issued pursuant to Kentucky statutes or administrative regulations
• (e) Traveling to or from the above activities (a–d) with an unloaded handgun in possession
• (f) On real property under the control of an adult, with permission of both that adult and the minor's parent or legal guardian
• (g) At the minor's residence, with parental/guardian permission, when justified under KRS Chapter 503 (justification and use of physical force or deadly physical force in self-defense)

Definition of "Loaded" for Minors (KRS 527.100(2))

A handgun is considered "loaded" if:

1. There is a cartridge in the chamber of the handgun
2. There is a cartridge in the cylinder of the handgun (revolvers)
3. There is a cartridge in an attached magazine of the handgun (semi-automatics)
4. The handgun and ammunition are carried on the minor's person or are in such close proximity that the minor could readily gain access to the handgun and the ammunition and load the firearm

Penalties for Minor Possession (KRS 527.100(3))

• First offense: Class A misdemeanor
• Subsequent offenses: Class D felony

Note: Kentucky imposes no criminal liability on adults for failing to secure firearms from minors. The penalties above apply only to the minor who possesses the handgun unlawfully.

Restricted Locations Affecting Storage and Possession

While not storage laws per se, the following statutes restrict where firearms may be kept or carried, which has practical implications for storage:

• KRS 527.070 — Unlawful possession of a weapon on school property (whether carried openly or concealed), with limited exceptions
• KRS 244.125 — Prohibits loaded firearms (concealed or otherwise) in places where alcohol is sold by the drink, with limited exceptions

These restrictions apply regardless of how the firearm is stored or carried.

Protective Orders and Firearm Storage

KRS 403.754 authorizes an EPO/DVO (Emergency Protective Order / Domestic Violence Order) temporary concealed carry permit for eligible petitioners seeking an order of protection. Kentucky State Police accepts applications electronically at kspportal.ky.gov/ccdw. While this statute addresses carrying rather than storage, individuals subject to protective orders should be aware that federal law (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8)) may separately restrict firearm possession for respondents of qualifying DVOs.

Pending and Recent Legislation

Multiple bills related to firearm storage have been introduced in recent Kentucky legislative sessions, though none have been enacted into law as of the current session:

2025 Regular Session (25RS)

2026 Regular Session (26RS)

The repeated introduction of storage-related bills across multiple sessions indicates ongoing legislative interest, but Kentucky's legislature has not enacted any of these proposals. Track bill status at apps.legislature.ky.gov.

Federal Considerations

Kentucky's lack of state storage laws does not eliminate all obligations:

• Federal property within Kentucky (military installations, federal buildings, national parks) may impose separate firearm storage requirements under federal regulations
• Federal firearms licensees (FFLs) are subject to ATF storage and security requirements
• Persons subject to federal firearm disabilities (felony convictions, domestic violence misdemeanors, certain court orders) are prohibited from possessing firearms under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) regardless of how they are stored

For federal law questions, contact the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), Louisville Field Division: (502) 753-3400.

Summary

This information is based on Kentucky Revised Statutes, Kentucky Administrative Regulations, Kentucky State Police CCDW guidance, and Kentucky Legislative Research Commission records. It is current as of April 2026 and is not intended as legal advice. Consult an attorney for specific legal questions.

Sources: Kentucky State Police CCDW FAQs, KRS Chapter 527, 502 KAR 13:010, 25RS Firearms and Weapons Index, 26RS Firearms and Weapons Index

Kentucky Transportation Laws for Firearms

Transporting Firearms in a Vehicle

Kentucky law provides significant protections for transporting firearms in motor vehicles, regardless of whether the person holds a CCDW (Carry Concealed Deadly Weapon) license.

Key Statute: KRS 527.020(8) — Vehicle Storage Exception

Under KRS 527.020(8), a loaded or unloaded firearm or other deadly weapon shall not be deemed concealed on or about the person if it is located in any of the following:

• Any enclosed container, compartment, or storage space installed as original equipment in a motor vehicle by its manufacturer, including but not limited to:
  • Glove compartment
  • Center console
  • Seat pocket
• This applies regardless of whether the enclosed container, storage space, or compartment is locked, unlocked, or does not have a locking mechanism

Prohibition on Restricting Vehicle Storage

No person or organization, public or private, shall prohibit a person from keeping a loaded or unloaded firearm or ammunition, or both, or other deadly weapon in a vehicle in accordance with KRS 527.020(8).

• Any attempt by a person or organization, public or private, to violate this provision may be the subject of an action for appropriate relief or for damages in a Circuit Court or District Court of competent jurisdiction.

Important Exception

This vehicle storage subsection does not apply to any person prohibited from possessing a firearm pursuant to KRS 527.040.

Concealed Carry Definition

Per KRS 527.020(1): "A person is guilty of carrying a concealed weapon when he or she carries concealed a firearm or other deadly weapon on or about his or her person." A firearm stored in a manufacturer-installed vehicle compartment as described above is explicitly excluded from this definition.

Penalties for Violations

Per KRS 527.020(9): Carrying a concealed weapon (outside the vehicle storage exception and without a license or constitutional carry authorization) is:

• A Class A misdemeanor for a standard violation
• A Class D felony if the defendant has been previously convicted of a felony in which a deadly weapon was possessed, used, or displayed

Minors Transporting Handguns — KRS 527.100

Persons under the age of 18 are generally prohibited from possessing, manufacturing, or transporting a handgun, with the following exceptions:

• Attendance at a hunter's safety course or firearms safety course
• Practice or target shooting at an established firing range or area where discharge is not prohibited
• Organized competition involving firearms, or participation in a 501(c)(3) performance group using firearms
• Hunting or trapping with a valid license
• Traveling to or from any of the above activities with an unloaded handgun
• On real property under the control of an adult with permission of that adult and the minor's parent/legal guardian
• At the minor's residence with parental/guardian permission when justified under KRS Chapter 503 (self-defense)

Penalty: Class A misdemeanor for the first offense; Class D felony for each subsequent offense.

Restricted Locations While Transporting

Even when transporting firearms in a vehicle, be aware of the following location restrictions:

• KRS 527.070 — Unlawful possession of a weapon on school property (whether carried openly or concealed), with certain specified exceptions
• KRS 244.125 — Loaded firearms (concealed or otherwise) are barred in places where alcohol is sold by the drink, with certain specified exceptions

Open Carry in Vehicles

There are no Kentucky Revised Statutes that generally govern the open carry of firearms by persons who lawfully possess such firearms, except for the school property and alcohol establishment restrictions noted above.

Out-of-State Peace Officers

A full-time paid peace officer from another state or territory, or an elected sheriff from another territory, may carry a concealed deadly weapon in Kentucky (on or off duty) if the other state or territory accords Kentucky peace officers and sheriffs the same rights by law. Reciprocal restrictions apply.

Federal Considerations

Kentucky's transportation laws do not address restrictions that may apply under federal law or on federal property. Persons transporting firearms should also be aware of applicable federal regulations, including those enforced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF).

Note: The Kentucky State Police advises that the information provided on their website is for convenience and does not constitute formal legal opinion or legal advice. Persons with specific questions about transporting deadly weapons in a vehicle should consult an attorney.

Kentucky State Preemption of Firearm Laws

Kentucky has one of the strongest state preemption statutes in the country, broadly restricting local governments from enacting firearm regulations more restrictive than state law. The preemption framework is codified primarily in KRS 65.870 and reinforced by related provisions throughout Kentucky Revised Statutes Chapters 237 and 527.

Key Statute: KRS 65.870 — Local Government Firearm Regulation Preemption

Under KRS 65.870, the Kentucky General Assembly has expressly preempted the entire field of firearm regulation at the state level. The statute provides:

• No local government — including counties, cities, urban-county governments, consolidated local governments, charter county governments, or unified local governments — may occupy any part of the field of regulation of the manufacture, sale, purchase, taxation, transfer, transportation, storage, carrying, or possession of firearms, ammunition, components of firearms, or any combination thereof.
• Any existing or future local ordinances, administrative regulations, executive orders, or policies inconsistent with state law are null and void as a matter of law.
• The statute expressly preserves only two narrow areas of local authority:
  • Regulation of the discharge of firearms within local jurisdictions
  • Enforcement of existing zoning regulations (e.g., where gun stores, ranges, or firearms manufacturers may operate)

Scope of Preemption

Preempted activities (local governments may NOT regulate):

Retained local authority:

• Regulation of firearm discharge within municipal boundaries (e.g., no shooting within city limits)
• Enforcement of zoning laws (e.g., where gun stores or shooting ranges may operate)
• Restrictions in government buildings that meet specific security requirements under KRS 237.115 (this is a state-level authorization, not a local ordinance power)

Government Buildings Exception: KRS 237.115

KRS 237.115 provides the primary framework for restricting concealed carry in specific government-owned or government-occupied locations. Under this statute:

• State agencies and local governments may restrict concealed carry of deadly weapons in buildings they own, lease, or occupy, but only if the building is equipped with:
  • Electronic screening devices (metal detectors) at all public entrances
  • Security personnel sufficient to operate the screening equipment during all hours the building is open to the public
• Buildings without such security measures generally cannot prohibit lawful concealed carry by persons otherwise authorized under state law.
• If a government entity chooses to restrict concealed carry under KRS 237.115, it must provide adequate secure storage or an alternative means for lawful carriers to temporarily store their weapons while in the building.
• This provision applies uniformly as state law — it is a conditional state-level authorization, not a grant of local ordinance power. It does not override the preemption statute; rather, it creates a narrow, state-defined exception with mandatory security prerequisites.

Interaction with Permitless Carry (Constitutional Carry)

Kentucky enacted permitless (constitutional) carry effective June 27, 2019, under Senate Bill 150 (2019 Regular Session), codified at KRS 237.109. Key interactions with preemption:

• Any person aged 21 or older who is legally permitted to possess a firearm may carry concealed in Kentucky without a permit.
• The preemption statute ensures that no local municipality can impose additional concealed carry restrictions beyond those established in state law — no local permits, registration, or notification requirements.
• Pre-existing local firearms ordinances that conflict with the permitless carry law or other state firearms laws are void under KRS 65.870.
• Kentucky continues to issue Concealed Carry Deadly Weapon (CCDW) licenses under KRS 237.110 for reciprocity purposes with other states, even though a license is no longer required for concealed carry within Kentucky.
• Permitless carriers are subject to the same state-law restrictions on prohibited locations as CCDW license holders.

Constitutional Foundation

Kentucky's preemption framework is supported by two constitutional provisions:

• Section 1, Paragraph 7 of the Kentucky Bill of Rights — Explicitly enumerates the right to bear arms among Kentuckians' inherent and inalienable rights: "All men are, by nature, free and equal, and have certain inherent and inalienable rights, among which may be reckoned: ... Seventh: The right to bear arms in defense of themselves and of the State, subject to the power of the General Assembly to enact laws to prevent persons from carrying concealed weapons." This provision grants the General Assembly — not local governments — the authority to regulate concealed weapons, reinforcing the legitimacy of state-level preemption.
• Section 156B — Authorizes the General Assembly to permit municipal home rule for cities. However, this home rule authority is expressly limited by preemption statutes like KRS 65.870 in the firearms context. The General Assembly's decision to preempt local firearm regulation supersedes any general grant of home rule authority.

Statewide Prohibited Locations (State Law, Not Local Regulations)

The following restrictions are established by state law and apply uniformly across Kentucky. They are not local regulations and are not affected by preemption:

Additional state-level restrictions under KRS 527.020:

• Carrying a concealed deadly weapon is prohibited in any room in which the proceedings of the General Assembly or a committee thereof are being conducted.
• The statute also addresses carrying by persons under 21, who are not eligible for permitless carry and must hold a valid CCDW license if between 18-20 (where applicable under separate provisions).

Private Property Rights

Kentucky's preemption statute addresses government regulation only. It does not affect:

• Private property owners' right to prohibit firearms on their premises. Business owners may post "no weapons" signs or otherwise restrict carry on their property.
• Employer policies regarding firearms in the workplace, subject to any separate statutory protections (such as KRS 237.106, which protects employees' right to store lawfully possessed firearms in locked vehicles in employer parking areas).
• Federal property within Kentucky (military installations, federal courthouses, post offices, etc.), which is governed by federal law regardless of state preemption.

Enforcement and Legal Standing

KRS 65.870 provides that conflicting local ordinances are automatically null and void as a matter of law. Enforcement mechanisms include:

• Judicial challenge: Individuals affected by local ordinances that violate state preemption may bring suit in Kentucky courts to have the ordinance invalidated.
• Automatic nullification: Unlike some states that require a court order before preemption takes effect, Kentucky's preemption statute renders conflicting local regulations void upon enactment of the preemption law — no judicial action is required for nullification, though court action may be needed to compel a locality to stop enforcing a void ordinance.
• Case law support: Kentucky courts have consistently upheld KRS 65.870's broad prohibition against local firearm regulations, treating the General Assembly's preemption as comprehensive in the areas it covers.

Recent and Pending Legislation

The Kentucky General Assembly has considered several bills in recent sessions that would modify the preemption framework:

2025 Regular Session (25RS):

2026 Regular Session (26RS):

Note: The recurring introduction of bills both strengthening preemption (HB 204/517, HB 82/80) and weakening it (HB 329/316) reflects an active and ongoing legislative debate. Bills to strengthen preemption have historically found more traction in the Kentucky legislature, consistent with the state's overall pro-firearms-rights legislative posture. However, carry permit holders should monitor each legislative session for potential changes at apps.legislature.ky.gov.

Federal Preemption Context

Kentucky's state preemption of local firearm laws is a separate legal concept from federal preemption, which concerns the Supremacy Clause relationship between federal and state law (U.S. Const. art. VI, cl. 2). Key distinctions:

• Kentucky's KRS 65.870 preempts local government action in favor of state-level uniformity.
• Federal firearms laws (e.g., the Gun Control Act, National Firearms Act) set a floor that states cannot go below but generally do not preempt states from enacting more protective firearms rights.
• Several Kentucky bills (25RS HB 82, 26RS HB 80) have sought to address the intersection by prohibiting state and local enforcement of certain federal firearms restrictions, reflecting a trend of state-level "anti-commandeering" legislation in the firearms context.

Practical Effect for Concealed Carry Holders

1. Statewide uniformity — Carry laws are consistent across all 120 Kentucky counties and all cities. There is no need to research local ordinances before traveling within the state.
2. Permitless carry protected — No locality can require a permit, registration, or notification to carry concealed where state law does not require one.
3. Watch for posted government buildings — Government buildings with security screening under KRS 237.115 may lawfully prohibit concealed carry. Look for posted signage at entrances.
4. Respect private property — Private business owners retain the right to prohibit firearms on their premises. Preemption applies only to government regulation, not private property rights.
5. Vehicle storage protected — Under KRS 237.106, employers generally cannot prohibit employees from storing lawfully possessed firearms in locked personal vehicles in company parking areas.
6. CCDW license still valuable — While not required in Kentucky, the CCDW license enables reciprocity with other states and may simplify interactions with law enforcement during traffic stops or other encounters.
7. Federal property exempt — Military bases, federal buildings, post offices, and other federal facilities within Kentucky are governed by federal law, not state preemption.

Legal Reference

Sources and Limitations

This content is based on the Kentucky Revised Statutes as published by the Kentucky Legislative Research Commission at apps.legislature.ky.gov, the Kentucky Constitution, and legislative session records for the 25RS and 26RS sessions. The statute references (particularly KRS 65.870, KRS 237.110, KRS 237.115, and KRS 527.020/527.070) are based on well-established Kentucky law. Recent legislative activity was verified from the Kentucky Legislative Research Commission's official bill tracking records.

Readers should consult the full text of current statutes at apps.legislature.ky.gov for complete and authoritative legal guidance, as legislative changes may have been enacted after this content was prepared. This guide is for informational purposes and does not constitute legal advice.

Criminal Penalties Related to Concealed Carry in Kentucky

Kentucky law establishes several criminal penalties related to the carrying and possession of firearms and deadly weapons. Below is a comprehensive summary based on Kentucky Revised Statutes as referenced by the Kentucky State Police.

Carrying a Concealed Weapon (KRS 527.020)

• General Offense: A person is guilty of carrying a concealed weapon when he or she carries concealed a firearm or other deadly weapon on or about his or her person (KRS 527.020(1)).
• Penalty: Carrying a concealed weapon is a Class A misdemeanor, unless the defendant has been previously convicted of a felony in which a deadly weapon was possessed, used, or displayed, in which case it is a Class D felony (KRS 527.020(9)).

Note: As of June 28, 2019 (pursuant to 2019 Senate Bill 150), any person age 21 or older who is otherwise able to lawfully possess a firearm may carry concealed firearms or other concealed deadly weapons without a license in the same locations as persons with a valid Kentucky CCDW license issued under KRS 237.110. This permitless carry provision means the concealed carry penalty applies primarily to those who are not legally eligible to carry.

Possession of a Handgun by a Minor (KRS 527.100)

• Offense: A person under the age of 18 who possesses, manufactures, or transports a handgun, except under specified exemptions (hunter's safety courses, target shooting, organized competitions, hunting/trapping with valid license, traveling to/from such activities with unloaded handgun, on property controlled by an adult with permission, or at residence with parental permission under justifiable self-defense circumstances).
• Penalty:
  • First offense: Class A misdemeanor
  • Each subsequent offense: Class D felony

Unlawfully Providing a Handgun to a Juvenile (KRS 527.110)

• Offense: A person who intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly provides a handgun to a person they know or have reason to believe is under 18, in violation of KRS 527.040, 527.100, or 600.020; or a parent/legal guardian who provides a handgun to a juvenile or permits possession knowing there is a substantial risk the juvenile will use it to commit a felony, or with knowledge that the juvenile has been convicted of a crime of violence.

Unlawful Possession of a Weapon on School Property (KRS 527.070)

• Prohibits unlawful possession (whether carried openly or concealed) of a weapon on school property, except for certain specified exceptions.

Loaded Firearms in Establishments Selling Alcohol (KRS 244.125)

• Prohibits loaded firearms (concealed or otherwise) in places where alcohol is sold by the drink, except for certain specified exceptions.

Non-Criminal Violations

• Failure to carry CCDW license while armed: Failure on the part of a license holder to have their CCDW license in their possession when carrying a concealed firearm or deadly weapon results in a non-criminal violation punishable by a $25.00 fine.
• Failure to update address: Failure to notify the Kentucky State Police within 30 days after changing a permanent address is a non-criminal violation with a penalty of $25.00 payable to the clerk of the District Court.

CCDW License Denial, Suspension, or Revocation Grounds

The following conditions may result in denial, suspension, or revocation of a CCDW license (and in many cases also constitute grounds for criminal liability for unlawful possession under state and federal law):

• Conviction of a felony (no time limitation)
• Being under indictment for a felony
• Conviction of Assault in the fourth degree within the past three years
• Conviction of terroristic threatening in the third degree within the past three years
• Conviction of a misdemeanor relating to a controlled substance within the past three years
• Conviction of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence (no time limitation)
• Being an unlawful user of, or addicted to, any controlled substance
• Conviction of two DUIs within the past three years
• Commitment for alcohol or drug abuse within the past three years
• Adjudication as incompetent or involuntary commitment to a mental institution
• An active emergency protective order or domestic violence order
• Child support arrearage (as specified)
• Failure to comply with subpoena or warrant relating to child support or paternity proceedings
• Being a fugitive from justice
• Dishonorable discharge from the Armed Forces
• Being ineligible to purchase, receive, or possess a firearm, ammunition, or both under state or federal law

Late Fees and Administrative Penalties

• Late renewal fee: $15.00 in addition to the standard $60.00 renewal fee if renewal is filed after the expiration date
• Permanent expiration: A license cannot be renewed six months or more after its expiration date; the license is deemed permanently expired (KRS 237.110(14)(c))

Key Statute References

• KRS 237.110 – Concealed Carry of Deadly Weapons licensing
• KRS 527.020 – Carrying concealed weapon offense and penalties
• KRS 527.040 – Possession of a firearm by a convicted felon
• KRS 527.070 – Unlawful possession of a weapon on school property
• KRS 527.100 – Possession of a handgun by a minor
• KRS 527.110 – Unlawfully providing a handgun to a juvenile
• KRS 244.125 – Loaded firearms in alcohol establishments
• KRS 237.115 – Authority of government units and postsecondary facilities to restrict concealed carry

NFA Items in Kentucky

Kentucky imposes no state-level restrictions on National Firearms Act (NFA) items beyond those required by federal law. Residents may possess suppressors (silencers), short-barreled rifles (SBRs), short-barreled shotguns (SBSs), machineguns, destructive devices, and "any other weapons" (AOWs) provided they comply with all applicable federal requirements.

Federal NFA Framework

The National Firearms Act of 1934 (26 U.S.C. Chapter 53) regulates the following items (per 26 U.S.C. §5845):

• Short-barreled shotguns — barrel(s) under 18 inches or overall length under 26 inches
• Short-barreled rifles — barrel(s) under 16 inches or overall length under 26 inches
• Machineguns — any weapon that shoots more than one shot automatically by a single function of the trigger
• Silencers/Suppressors — any device for silencing, muffling, or diminishing the report of a portable firearm, including component parts (18 U.S.C. §921(a)(25))
• Destructive devices — bombs, grenades, rockets, mines, and similar devices; also firearms with a bore over 0.50 inches (with sporting exemptions)
• Any other weapon (AOW) — concealable weapons capable of discharging a shot through explosive energy

Possession of an NFA item requires:

• Approved ATF Form 4 (transfer) or ATF Form 1 (making)
• Background check via the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)
• Registration in the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record (NFRTR)
• Submission of photographs and fingerprints

Possession of an unregistered NFA firearm is a federal criminal offense (26 U.S.C. §5861).

P.L. 119-21 — Transfer and Making Tax Eliminated (Effective January 1, 2026)

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (P.L. 119-21), enacted in 2025, set a $0 tax rate for the making or transfer of all NFA firearms except machineguns and destructive devices, effective January 1, 2026. This means:

Important: P.L. 119-21 did not repeal the NFA or eliminate other requirements. The following remain in full effect:

• ATF approval required before making or transfer
• Background check and identity verification
• Registration in the NFRTR
• Special occupational tax (SOT) for dealers, manufacturers, and importers
• Criminal penalties for unregistered NFA items

Kentucky State Law — Key Statutes

KRS 237.050 — Federal Law Exemption

Kentucky law explicitly defers to federal NFA regulation. KRS 237.030–237.050 (governing destructive devices and booby traps) do not apply to:

"Any device which is lawfully possessed under the Gun Control Act of 1968, the Organized Crime Control Act of 1971, or any other law of the United States or this state, unless a crime is committed therewith." — KRS 237.050(2)

This means any NFA item lawfully registered and possessed under federal law is legal in Kentucky.

KRS 237.030 — Destructive Devices and Booby Traps

Kentucky defines these terms independently of federal law:

• "Destructive device" — any explosive, incendiary, or poison gas bomb, grenade, mine, rocket, missile, or similar device, including unassembled components (KRS 237.030(1))
• "Booby trap device" — any device or substance designed to surreptitiously take life, endanger life, or destroy property; does not include firearms (KRS 237.030(2))

KRS 237.040 — Criminal Possession

Criminal possession of a destructive device or booby trap requires:

1. Intent to use the device to commit an offense, or
2. Knowledge that another person intends to use it to commit an offense

"Mere possession without substantial evidence of the requisite intent is insufficient to bring action." — KRS 237.040(3)

KRS 527.010 — Definitions

• "Firearm" — any weapon which will expel a projectile by the action of an explosive (KRS 527.010(4))
• "Handgun" — any pistol or revolver originally designed to be fired by a single hand (KRS 527.010(5))

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Unauthorized placement of a weapon of mass destruction is a Class C felony under Kentucky law. Lawful authority requires written permission from a government agency with jurisdiction over destructive devices (KRS 237.030) or explosives.

Suppressors

Suppressors are legal in Kentucky for all lawful purposes, including:

• Self-defense and general possession — with valid federal registration
• Hunting — the Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources confirms: "A person with a federal permit for a firearm noise suppressor (silencer) may use it to hunt legal game animals. A valid hunting license is required."

Pending Kentucky Legislation (2025 Regular Session)

The Kentucky General Assembly has introduced bills related to NFA items:

• House Bill 686 — Would exempt firearm suppressors manufactured in Kentucky from the National Firearms Act, with labeling requirements
• House Bill 667 — Would exempt firearms manufactured in Kentucky from the National Firearms Act, with labeling requirements

These bills reflect a broader national trend of state-level "firearms freedom" legislation. Note: Even if enacted, federal law would still apply; the enforceability of such state exemptions from federal NFA requirements remains legally contested.

Ongoing Legal Challenges to the NFA

As of September 2025, two federal lawsuits challenge the NFA's registration requirements for items no longer subject to the making/transfer tax under P.L. 119-21:

1. A multi-state coalition (including organizations and 15 state plaintiffs) filed suit in the Northern District of Texas (July 2025), arguing the NFA's registration requirements lack constitutional authority once the tax is removed
2. The NRA and other plaintiffs filed a similar challenge in the Eastern District of Missouri (August 2025)

Both cases argue that without a tax, Congress's Taxing Clause authority no longer supports the NFA's registration regime, and that the registration requirements independently violate the Second Amendment under the Bruen framework. These cases remain in early stages.

Practical Summary for Kentucky Residents

Key takeaway: Kentucky places no additional state-level restrictions on NFA items. Residents must comply with all federal NFA requirements, which — as of January 1, 2026 — no longer include a tax payment for most NFA items (excluding machineguns and destructive devices).