Maryland Concealed Carry Laws — Overview

Maryland is a may-issue state for handgun permits (commonly referred to as "Wear and Carry" permits), administered by the Maryland State Police (MSP) Licensing Division. The legal framework is governed primarily by the Maryland Public Safety Article, Title 5 and the Maryland Criminal Law Article, Title 4.

Permit Type

Maryland issues a Wear and Carry Permit (also referred to as a Handgun Permit), which authorizes the holder to wear, carry, or transport a handgun. The permit is issued by the Secretary of the Maryland State Police.

Key Legal Framework

• Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Title 4, Section 203 — Governs the wearing, carrying, or transporting of a handgun
• Maryland Public Safety Article, Title 5, Subtitle 1 — Governs regulated firearms, including handgun permits
• Firearms Safety Act of 2013 (SB 281) — Established enhanced training requirements and the Handgun Qualification License (HQL) system

No Reciprocity

Maryland does not recognize concealed carry permits or CCWs from any other state. Visitors from other states with valid permits from their home state may not legally carry concealed in Maryland based on those permits.

Training Requirements

• Initial Permit: 16 hours of firearms training is required for the initial issuance of a Wear and Carry Permit
• Renewal: 8 hours of training is required for renewal of a Wear and Carry Permit
• Training must be completed with a Qualified Handgun Instructor registered with the Maryland State Police
• A list of approved Qualified Handgun Instructors is available through the MSP online verification system
• Certain individuals are exempt from the training requirement, including those with specific military or law enforcement backgrounds (details available through the MSP Licensing Division)

Application Process

As of October 1, 2019, all Wear and Carry Permit applications — including original, renewal, subsequent, modification, and replacement requests — must be submitted and processed electronically through the MSP Licensing Portal (licensingportal.mdsp.maryland.gov). Handwritten applications are not accepted.

The application process includes:

1. Online submission through the Licensing Portal
2. LiveScan fingerprinting — Must be completed by a provider approved by the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services (out-of-state providers are not accepted)
3. Background investigation — The Maryland State Police will investigate the character, reputation, and qualifications of each applicant, including a computer-generated criminal history background check to determine if the applicant is prohibited by state or federal law from possessing a regulated firearm
4. Training documentation from an MSP-registered Qualified Handgun Instructor

Handgun Qualification License (HQL)

Separate from the Wear and Carry Permit, Maryland requires a Handgun Qualification License (HQL) to purchase, rent, or transfer a handgun (not classified as a curio and relic). The HQL is not required to fire at a gun range. The HQL system was established under the Firearms Safety Act of 2013, effective October 1, 2013.

Permit Renewal

• Renewal applications require the same documentation as the initial application
• Renewal applications must be submitted through the Licensing Portal at least two (2) weeks prior to the expiration date of the current permit
• If the renewal application is timely submitted, the permit holder may continue to carry on the expired permit until the renewed permit is received
• If the application is returned for incompleteness and resubmitted after the two-week window, the holder may not carry

Lost or Stolen Permit Replacement

• Replacement requests are submitted through the online Licensing Portal
• A notarized letter explaining the circumstances of the loss or theft must be attached
• A $10 fee is required, paid via credit card upon submission
• Security guards, private detectives, armored car drivers, or special police officers must also provide an updated company sponsorship letter

Transporting Handguns in Maryland

Per Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Title 4, Section 203, when transporting a handgun (without a Wear and Carry Permit):

• The handgun must be unloaded
• It must be in an enclosed case or enclosed holster
• Ammunition must be separate from the handgun
• The handgun should ideally be kept in the trunk where the driver does not have access
• Transport is only permitted between specific locations listed in the statute (e.g., between residences, to/from a repair shop, to/from a shooting sporting event, between a residence and a place of business substantially owned and operated by the person)

Interstate Transport

Under Title 18, Section 926A of the United States Code, a person not prohibited from possessing firearms may transport a firearm through Maryland provided:

• The firearm is unloaded
• Neither the firearm nor ammunition is readily accessible from the passenger compartment
• If the vehicle lacks a separate compartment, the firearm or ammunition must be in a locked compartment other than the glove compartment or console

Firearm Storage

Under Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Article 4, Section 104, it is unlawful to store or leave a loaded firearm in a location where the person knew or should have known that an unsupervised child (defined as an individual under 16 years of age) would gain access to the firearm.

Prohibited Persons

Maryland maintains both state and federal prohibitors for firearm possession. Key state definitions include:

• Habitual drunkard: A person found guilty of any three crimes under § 21-902(a), (b), or (c) of the Transportation Article, one of which occurred in the past year
• Habitual user: A person found guilty of two controlled dangerous substance crimes, one of which occurred in the past 5 years
• Cannabis users: Federal law (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3)) bars medical cannabis patients and personal cannabis users from purchasing or possessing firearms, regardless of state legalization

Regulated Firearms Purchases

• A person may not purchase more than one regulated firearm in a 30-day period (exceptions exist for designated firearms collectors)
• A background check is required for each purchase, even if one was recently completed
• Applications are processed through the MSP Licensing Portal

Assault Weapons

The Firearms Safety Act of 2013 banned certain assault weapons effective October 1, 2013. Firearms lawfully owned prior to that date are not required to be registered. Magazines are not required to be registered.

Contact Information

• MSP Handgun Permit Section: msp.handgunpermits@maryland.gov
• MSP Firearms Registration: msp.firearmsregistration@maryland.gov
• MSP Headquarters Duty Officer (24/7): 410-653-4200
• Licensing Portal: https://licensingportal.mdsp.maryland.gov

Maryland Concealed Carry Permit Basics

Maryland issues the Wear and Carry Permit (commonly called a concealed carry permit), administered by the Maryland State Police (MSP) Licensing Division. The permit is governed primarily by MD Code, Public Safety Title 5, Subtitle 3 (§§ 5-301 through 5-314).

Following the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022), Maryland transitioned from a may-issue to a shall-issue state. The previous requirement to demonstrate a "good and substantial reason" for carrying was struck down, and Maryland's permitting framework was updated by the Firearms Safety Act of 2023 (SB 1), which took effect October 1, 2023.

Permit Type and Legal Authority

Maryland's concealed carry authorization is officially called the Wear and Carry Permit, issued by the Secretary of State Police under MD Public Safety § 5-306. Under MD Criminal Law § 4-203, it is generally illegal to carry, wear, or transport a handgun in Maryland without authorization. An individual issued a Maryland Wear and Carry Permit is one of the statutory exceptions to this prohibition.

A violation of MD Criminal Law § 4-203 (wearing, carrying, or transporting a handgun without authorization) is a misdemeanor carrying penalties of up to 2 to 10 years of imprisonment depending on the circumstances and prior offenses.

Wear and Carry Permit Application Requirements

Under MD Public Safety § 5-306, applicants must meet the following qualifications:

• Age: Must be at least 21 years old (or 18 if active military)
• Residency: Must be a Maryland resident, or have a regular place of business or employment in Maryland
• Training: Must complete a firearms training course approved by the Secretary, including both classroom instruction and live-fire qualification
• Background: Must not be prohibited from possessing a firearm under federal or Maryland state law
• Character: Must not exhibit a propensity for violence or instability that may reasonably render possession of a handgun a danger to the applicant or others
• Application Fee: Initial and renewal fees apply (set by MSP regulation)

Permit Duration and Renewal

Wear and Carry Permits are valid for a period of 2 to 3 years from the date of issuance, depending on the type. Renewal applications must be submitted prior to expiration and require updated training certification and a new background check.

Carry Requirements

Under MD Public Safety § 5-308, a permit holder must carry the permit on their person whenever they carry, wear, or transport a handgun:

"A person to whom a permit is issued or renewed shall carry the permit in the person's possession whenever the person carries, wears, or transports a handgun."

Failure to have the permit in possession while armed may result in a violation.

Sensitive Locations (Post-Bruen, SB 1 — 2023)

The Firearms Safety Act of 2023 established a list of sensitive places where carrying is prohibited even with a valid Wear and Carry Permit, including:

• Government buildings (legislative, executive, and judicial)
• Schools, colleges, and universities (public and private)
• Polling places on election days
• Hospitals, nursing homes, and healthcare facilities
• Places of worship (unless authorized by the property owner)
• Stadiums, arenas, and amusement parks
• Public demonstrations or events requiring a permit
• Establishments licensed to sell or serve alcohol for on-premises consumption
• State parks and forests
• Child care centers
• Museums and libraries

Note: Several sensitive-location provisions have been subject to legal challenges since enactment. Permit holders should consult the MSP website or legal counsel for the current status of enforcement.

Private Property Restrictions

Under the 2023 law, carrying is prohibited on private property unless the property owner has given express permission to carry. The default is no carry on another person's private property absent affirmative consent.

Handgun Qualification License (HQL)

Before purchasing, renting, or receiving a handgun in Maryland, most individuals must obtain a Handgun Qualification License (HQL) under MD Public Safety § 5-117.1. Per the statute:

"A person may purchase, rent, or receive a handgun only if the person possesses a valid handgun qualification license issued to the person by the Secretary."

HQL Qualifications

The Secretary shall issue an HQL to a person who:

1. Is at least 21 years old
2. Is a resident of the State
3. Has demonstrated satisfactory completion of a firearms safety training course approved by the Secretary, completed within 3 years prior to application submission
4. Is not otherwise prohibited from purchasing or possessing a handgun under state or federal law

HQL Details

• Expiration: The HQL is valid for 10 years from the date of issuance
• Presentation: The MSP will issue a physical Handgun Qualification License to present to the dealer at the time of purchase
• Lower Receivers: An HQL is not required to purchase a lower receiver. Per MSP: "A lower receiver of a banned assault long gun is classified by the State as a 'firearm,' but not a 'handgun.' A Handgun Qualification License (HQL) is only needed if you are purchasing a handgun that is not classified as a curio and relic."

HQL Exemptions

The following individuals are exempt from the HQL requirement (§ 5-117.1):

• Holders of valid credentials or retirement credentials from a U.S., state, or local law enforcement agency
• Active or retired members of the U.S. armed forces or National Guard with a valid military ID
• Purchasers of antique, curio, or relic firearms as defined by federal law or ATF determinations

Wear and Carry Permit Holders — Automatic HQL

Under MD Public Safety § 5-306, the Secretary may issue an HQL without an additional application or fee to a person who:

• Meets the requirements for issuance of a Wear and Carry Permit; and
• Does not already have a handgun qualification license issued under § 5-117.1

Background Check Requirements

A background check is required for every regulated firearm transaction, even if the buyer recently passed one. According to MSP, each check verifies that since the last purchase the applicant has not:

• Been served a protective order
• Been arrested or convicted of a disqualifying crime
• Been placed on supervised probation
• Become subject to other disqualifying conditions

This applies regardless of how recently the individual was confirmed eligible.

Waiting Period

Under MD Public Safety § 5-123, there is a mandatory 7-day waiting period for regulated firearm purchases. A licensed dealer may not sell, rent, or transfer a regulated firearm until after 7 days following the execution of the firearm application by the applicant.

Exceptions to the Carry Prohibition (MD Criminal Law § 4-203)

The following individuals are authorized to carry a firearm without a Wear and Carry Permit:

• Law enforcement officials of the United States, the State of Maryland, or a county or city of the State
• Members of the armed forces of the United States or of the National Guard while on duty or traveling to or from duty
• Law enforcement officials from other states or subdivisions of other states temporarily in Maryland on official business
• Correctional officers or wardens of a correctional facility in the State
• Sheriffs or full-time, part-time, or temporary assistant or deputy sheriffs of the State
• Individuals issued a Maryland Wear and Carry Permit
• Individuals transporting a firearm for lawful purposes (e.g., to a repair shop, shooting range, or hunting), provided each handgun is unloaded and carried in an enclosed case or enclosed holster

LEOSA (Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act)

The Maryland State Police issues LEOSA identification cards to qualified individuals separating from the Maryland Department of State Police. This includes Maryland State Troopers and Maryland Deputy State Fire Marshals only. This identification card authorizes separated law enforcement officers to carry a handgun under the federal LEOSA provisions (18 U.S.C. §§ 926B–926C).

Note: LEOSA cards are issued only to individuals separating from the Maryland Department of State Police, not to officers from local agencies. Officers from other Maryland agencies should contact their respective departments for LEOSA qualification.

Military Veterans and Families — Expedited Licensing

Under Maryland Business Regulation § 2.5-101 and amendments effective October 1, 2019 (Veterans Full Employment Act of 2013), Maryland provides expedited occupational and professional licensing for veterans, active service members, and their spouses. Qualifying applicants who hold a valid license in another state may receive expedited processing, with licenses issued within 60 days of a completed application.

Eligible Individuals

Important: This expedited licensing provision applies to occupational and professional licenses administered by the Maryland Department of Labor's Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing. For firearms-specific licensing (Wear and Carry Permit, HQL), contact the Maryland State Police Licensing Division directly. The expedited processing rules under § 2.5-101 do not directly govern MSP firearms permit timelines.

Key Contacts and Resources

• Maryland State Police Licensing Division: mdsp.maryland.gov — Wear and Carry Permit
• Handgun Qualification License: HQL Page
• Regulated Firearm Purchases: Purchase Information
• LEOSA Information: LEOSA Page
• Maryland Department of Labor — Veterans Licensing: labor.maryland.gov

Disclaimer: This content is compiled from official Maryland State Police, Maryland Department of Labor, and Maryland General Assembly sources for informational purposes. Firearms laws are subject to change — particularly given ongoing litigation over provisions of the Firearms Safety Act of 2023. Applicants should consult the Maryland State Police website and applicable Maryland statutes for the most current requirements. Specific details on application fees, training hour requirements, and processing times should be obtained directly from MSP.

Open Carry Laws in Maryland

General Overview

Maryland is a restrictive state regarding open carry of firearms. Under Maryland law, the wearing, carrying, or transporting of a handgun — whether openly or concealed — is generally prohibited without a valid Maryland Wear and Carry Permit.

Key Statute: Maryland Criminal Law § 4-203

Maryland Criminal Law, Title 4, Section 203 governs the wearing, carrying, or transporting of a handgun. The Maryland State Police FAQ directs individuals to "Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Title 4, Section 203 for a detailed account of wearing, carrying, or transporting a handgun."

Under this statute, it is generally unlawful to wear, carry, or transport a handgun — whether openly or concealed — on or about the person, unless the individual falls within specific statutory exceptions.

Permit Requirement

Maryland requires a Wear and Carry Permit for both open and concealed carry of handguns. There is no separate open carry allowance without a permit. The same permit covers both open and concealed carry.

Permit Details:

• Initial Training Requirement: 16 hours of training for the initial issuance of a handgun (carry) permit
• Renewal Training Requirement: 8 hours of training for renewal
• Application Process: Must be completed and submitted online through the Maryland State Police Licensing Division Portal
• Instructors: Must be registered with the Maryland State Police

No Reciprocity

Maryland does not recognize permits or CCWs from any other state. According to the Maryland State Police FAQ: "Maryland does not recognize permits/CCWs from any other state."

Transporting Handguns Without a Permit

Without a Wear and Carry Permit, handguns may only be transported under very limited circumstances and with strict conditions:

• The handgun must be unloaded
• It must be in an enclosed case or enclosed holster
• Ammunition must be separate from the handgun
• It is recommended to keep the unloaded handgun in the trunk where the person does not have access to it
• Transport is limited to specific purposes, including:
  • Between residences
  • To and from a repair shop
  • To and from a shooting sporting event
  • Between a residence and place of business if substantially owned and operated by the person

Renewal and Expired Permits

If a Wear and Carry Permit expires before the renewed permit card is received, the permit holder may still carry on the expired permit provided:

• The renewal application was submitted in the Licensing Portal at least two (2) weeks prior to the expiration date
• If the application is returned for incompleteness and resubmitted after the two-week deadline, carrying is not permitted

Lost or Stolen Permits

Replacement requests for Wear and Carry cards must be submitted through the online portal account with:

• A notarized letter explaining the circumstances of the loss or theft
• A $10 fee paid via credit card

Interstate Transport Through Maryland

Under 18 U.S.C. § 926A, a person not prohibited from possessing firearms may transport a firearm through Maryland if:

• The firearm is unloaded
• Neither the firearm nor ammunition is readily accessible from the passenger compartment
• If the vehicle has no separate compartment, the firearm or ammunition must be in a locked compartment other than the glove compartment or console

Important Notes

• Maryland law applies the same restrictions to both open and concealed carry — a valid Wear and Carry Permit is required for either
• Open carrying without a valid permit is a criminal offense under Maryland law
• The governing statute is Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Title 4, Section 203

Constitutional Carry in Maryland

Status: Not Permitted

Maryland does not have constitutional carry. A permit is required to carry a concealed handgun in the state.

Permit Requirement

Maryland requires a Wear and Carry Permit (also referred to as a Handgun Permit) issued by the Maryland State Police in order to legally carry a concealed handgun. This is governed by the Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Title 4, Section 203 (CR § 4-203), which addresses the wearing, carrying, or transporting of a handgun.

Key Evidence from Official Sources

• No permitless carry: The Maryland State Police Licensing Division actively administers a Wear and Carry Permit program, requiring applications to be submitted and processed electronically through the MDSP Licensing Portal.
• Training required: 16 hours of training is required for the initial issuance of a Wear and Carry Permit; 8 hours is required for renewal.
• No reciprocity: According to the Maryland State Police FAQ, "Maryland does not recognize permits/CCWs from any other state."
• Strict transport rules: Without a Wear and Carry Permit, handguns must be transported unloaded, in an enclosed case or enclosed holster, with ammunition separate, and only between specific locations (residence, repair shop, shooting sporting event, or place of business substantially owned and operated by the person), as referenced under CR § 4-203.

Relevant Legal Framework

• Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Title 4, Section 203 (CR § 4-203): Governs the wearing, carrying, or transporting of a handgun
• Firearms Safety Act of 2013 (SB 281): Established additional requirements including the Handgun Qualification License (HQL) for purchases and enhanced training requirements for carry permits
• Public Safety Article, Title 5: Governs regulated firearms, licensing, and related provisions

Summary

Maryland remains a permit-required state for concealed carry. There is no provision for constitutional carry (permitless concealed carry) under current Maryland law. All individuals wishing to carry a concealed handgun must obtain a Wear and Carry Permit through the Maryland State Police Licensing Division, which involves background checks, training requirements, and an application process.

Maryland Prohibited Locations for Concealed Carry

Maryland law restricts the wear, carry, and transport of handguns and firearms in numerous locations. The Maryland Department of State Police notes that the following list should not be considered all-inclusive.

Pre-Existing Prohibited Locations

1. On school property — CR § 4-102

2. Within 1,000 feet of a demonstration in a public place — after a law enforcement officer advises that a demonstration is occurring and orders the person to leave the demonstration area until the person disposes of the firearm — CR § 4-208

3. In legislative buildings — SG § 2-1702

4. Aboard aircraft — TR § 5-1008

5. In lodging establishments — where the innkeeper reasonably believes individuals possess property that may be dangerous to other individuals, such as firearms or explosives — BR § 15-203

6. On dredge boats — other than two 10-gauge shotguns — NR § 4-1013

7. In or around State-owned public buildings and grounds — COMAR 04.05.01.03

8. On Chesapeake Forest Lands — except for hunting and target shooting as permitted — COMAR 08.01.07.14

9. In State Forests — except for hunting and target shooting as permitted — COMAR 08.07.01.04

10. In State Parks — except for hunting and target shooting as permitted — COMAR 08.07.06.04

11. In State Highway Rest Areas — firearms may not be displayed or discharged — COMAR 11.04.07.12

12. In community adult rehabilitation centers — COMAR 12.02.03.10

13. In child care centers — except for small centers located in residences, firearms may not be kept on the premises — COMAR 13A.16.10.04

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Additional Prohibited Locations — Effective October 1, 2023 (Senate Bill 1)

1. Areas for Children or Vulnerable Individuals

A person may not wear, carry, or transport a firearm in:

• A preschool or prekindergarten facility or the grounds of the facility
• A private primary or secondary school or the grounds of the school
• A health care facility, as defined in § 15–10B–01(g)(1), (2), (3), and (4) of the Insurance Article

2. Government or Public Infrastructure Areas — CR § 4-111(D)(2)

A person may not wear, carry, or transport a firearm in a "government or public infrastructure area," which means:

• A building or any part of a building owned or leased by a unit of state or local government
• A building of a public or private institution of higher education, as defined in § 10–101 of the Education Article
• A location currently being used as a polling place (per Title 10 of the Election Law Article) or for canvassing ballots (per Title 11 of the Election Law Article)
• An electric plant or electric storage facility, as defined in § 1–101 of the Public Utilities Article
• A gas plant, as defined in § 1–101 of the Public Utilities Article
• A nuclear power plant facility

Signage requirement: A government or public infrastructure area owned or leased by a unit of state or local government must display a clear and conspicuous sign at the main entrance indicating that it is not permissible to wear, carry, or transport a firearm in the building or that part of the building.

3. Special Purpose Areas — CR § 4-111(E)

A person may not wear, carry, or transport a firearm in a "special purpose area," which means:

• A location licensed to sell or dispense alcohol or cannabis for on-site consumption
• A stadium
• A museum
• A racetrack
• A video lottery facility, as defined in § 9-1A-01 of the State Government Article

4. Private Dwellings — CR § 6-411(C)

A person wearing, carrying, or transporting a firearm may not enter or trespass in the dwelling of another unless the owner or the owner's agent has given express permission, either to the person or to the public generally, to wear, carry, or transport a firearm inside the dwelling.

5. Private Property Generally — CR § 6-411(D)

A person wearing, carrying, or transporting a firearm may not:

• Enter or trespass on property unless the owner or the owner's agent has posted a clear and conspicuous sign indicating that it is permissible to wear, carry, or transport a firearm on the property; or
• Enter or trespass on property unless the owner or the owner's agent has given the person express permission to wear, carry, or transport a firearm on the property.

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Exceptions to the SB 1 Prohibited Locations (Items 1, 2, and 3 above)

Private location exception — For a location that is not owned by, leased by, or otherwise under the control of the state or a political subdivision of the state, the prohibitions do not apply to:

• The owner or lessee of the location; or
• A person authorized by the owner or lessee to wear, carry, or transport a firearm at the location for the purpose of:
  • Employment as a security guard licensed under Title 19 of the Business Occupations Article; or
  • Protecting any individual or property at the location with an express agreement between the parties, remuneration, or compensation. — CR § 4-111(B)(9)

Motor vehicle exception — The prohibitions do not apply to a firearm that is carried or transported in a motor vehicle if the firearm is:

• Locked in a container; or
• A handgun worn, carried, or transported in compliance with any limitations imposed under § 5–307 of the Public Safety Article, by a person to whom a permit to wear, carry, or transport the handgun has been issued under Title 5, Subtitle 3 of the Public Safety Article. — CR § 4-111(B)(11)

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Note: The Maryland State Police advises that this list should not be considered all-inclusive. Permit holders should consult the full text of Maryland statutes and COMAR regulations for complete details. The most up-to-date Maryland code can be accessed via the Maryland General Assembly's website.

Carrying Firearms in Vehicles in Maryland

Maryland is a permit-required state for carrying handguns, including while transporting them in a vehicle. Maryland does not have constitutional or permitless carry provisions. Following the U.S. Supreme Court's 2022 decision in NYSRPA v. Bruen, Maryland removed its "good and substantial reason" requirement for permit issuance, making the Wear and Carry Permit available on a shall-issue basis to all eligible applicants.

Permit Requirement for Vehicle Carry

Under MD Public Safety § 5-303, a person must have a valid Wear and Carry Permit issued by the Maryland State Police before the person carries, wears, or transports a handgun. This requirement applies to carrying a handgun on your person, in your vehicle, or otherwise transporting it.

• The term "transports" is explicitly included in the statute, meaning that even moving a handgun in a vehicle requires a valid permit unless a statutory exemption applies.
• The permit is issued through the Maryland State Police Licensing Division, which maintains an online Licensing Portal for applications.
• Maryland also requires a separate Handgun Qualification License (HQL) to purchase, rent, or receive a regulated firearm (MD Public Safety § 5-117.1). The HQL is distinct from the Wear and Carry Permit — possessing an HQL alone does not authorize carrying or transporting a handgun outside the limited statutory exemptions.

Source: Maryland State Police, A Review of Firearms Law in the State of Maryland — "A person shall have a permit issued under this subtitle before the person carries, wears, or transports a handgun" (PS § 5-303).

Wear and Carry Permit Eligibility

Per MD Public Safety § 5-306, to be eligible for a Wear and Carry Permit, an applicant must:

• Be at least 21 years of age, or be a member of the U.S. Armed Forces, the National Guard, or the uniformed services (PS § 5-306(a)(1)(i))
• Not be prohibited from possessing a firearm under state or federal law
• Not have been convicted of a felony or a misdemeanor for which a sentence of imprisonment for more than one year has been imposed, or convicted of a criminal offense for which the person could have been sentenced to more than 2 years of incarceration
• Not have been convicted of a crime involving the possession, use, or distribution of a controlled dangerous substance
• Not presently be an alcoholic, addict, or habitual user of a controlled dangerous substance, unless the habitual use is under legitimate medical direction
• Not have exhibited a propensity for violence or instability that may reasonably render the person's possession of a handgun a danger to the person or others, based on investigation by the Maryland State Police
• Have successfully completed an MSP-approved firearms training course within 2 years prior to submitting the original or renewal application, unless exempt from the training requirement

Note: Prior to the Bruen decision (June 2022), Maryland also required applicants to demonstrate a "good and substantial reason" to carry. The MSP's own Review of Firearms Law training document still references this language, but the requirement has been removed by operation of law and is no longer part of the eligibility criteria.

Training Requirements

Per the Maryland State Police FAQ and the Wear and Carry Permit page:

• Initial permit: 16 hours of training is required
• Renewal permit: 8 hours of training is required
• Training must be completed at an MSP-approved training course and completed prior to submitting the application
• Approved instructors and training courses can be verified through the Maryland State Police Qualified Handgun Instructor verification system
• Certain individuals are exempt from the training requirement (e.g., active law enforcement, military with qualifying experience) — exemption status should be confirmed with the MSP Licensing Division

Source: MSP FAQ — "16 hours of training is required for the initial issue of a handgun (carry) permit; 8 hours is required for the renewal of a handgun (carry) permit."

Carrying on an Expired Permit (During Renewal)

Per the Maryland State Police FAQ, if a handgun permit expires before the renewed permit card is received, the permit holder may still carry on the expired permit provided the renewal application was received by the Handgun Permit Section at least two (2) weeks prior to the expiration date of the current permit.

• If the application is returned for incompleteness and resubmitted after the two-week deadline, the holder is not permitted to carry on the expired permit.
• Permit holders should plan renewal submissions well in advance of expiration to maintain uninterrupted carry authorization.

Source: MSP FAQ — "As long as the renewal application has been received at the Handgun Permit Section at least two (2) weeks prior to the expiration date of the current handgun permit, you are still allowed to carry on the expired permit until you receive your renewed permit. If the application is returned to you for incompleteness and you resubmit it after the two (2) weeks, you will not be allowed to carry your handgun."

Transporting Without a Permit — Exemptions

Under MD Criminal Law § 4-203, Maryland provides limited exemptions allowing certain persons to transport a handgun without a Wear and Carry Permit. These exemptions generally require the firearm to be unloaded and carried in an enclosed case or enclosed holster. Common exemptions include:

• Transporting a handgun between the person's home and a place of legal purchase or repair
• Transporting to and from a shooting range, sport shooting competition, or organized firearms training
• Transporting between residences (e.g., during a move)
• Transporting to and from a bona fide gun show

Important conditions for exemption transport:

• The handgun must be unloaded
• The handgun must be in an enclosed case or enclosed holster
• Transport must be made via a reasonably direct route — stopping for unrelated errands may jeopardize the exemption
• Permit holders carrying under the Wear and Carry Permit are not subject to these transport restrictions

New Maryland Residents

New residents moving to Maryland must register regulated firearms. The MSP Licensing Division maintains a New Maryland Resident page with registration requirements. During the move itself, the § 4-203 exemption for transporting between residences would apply, subject to the unloaded/enclosed-case requirements.

Firearms and Hunting in Vehicles

Maryland has additional regulations governing firearms in the hunting context that may affect vehicle transport:

• Under Natural Resources Article § 10-410(i), it is illegal to carry a firearm while hunting under the influence of alcohol or a narcotic drug. A conviction carries a potential 3-year suspension of all hunting licenses and privileges (per COMAR 08.03.16.03(C)).
• Under NR § 10-424, carelessly or negligently shooting, wounding, or killing another person while hunting may result in a 5-year suspension of hunting privileges.
• Hunters transporting firearms in vehicles to and from hunting areas should ensure compliance with both the general handgun transport laws (§ 4-203 exemptions or Wear and Carry Permit) and any applicable hunting-specific regulations.

Sensitive Places Restrictions Affecting Vehicle Carry

On January 20, 2026, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit issued its opinion in Kipke v. Moore, addressing Maryland's sensitive-places firearm restrictions. The court upheld carry restrictions in all nine challenged categories of locations:

1. Government buildings
2. Mass transit facilities
3. Schools and school grounds
4. State parks, state forests, and Chesapeake forest lands
5. Museums
6. Healthcare facilities
7. Stadiums, racetracks, amusement parks, and casinos
8. Locations selling alcohol
9. Places within 1,000 feet of a public demonstration

However, pending review by the U.S. Supreme Court, the following three restrictions — despite being upheld by the Fourth Circuit — cannot currently be enforced:

Practical impact for vehicle carry: Permit holders should be aware that carrying a handgun into government buildings, schools, mass transit facilities, hospitals, state parks, museums, or entertainment venues remains prohibited even with a valid permit. The private property restriction (§ 6-411), the alcohol-serving location restriction (§ 4-111), and the demonstration proximity restriction (§ 4-208) are currently unenforceable pending Supreme Court resolution. This legal landscape may change — permit holders should monitor updates via the MSP Licensing Division mailing list for statutory and regulatory changes.

Source: Maryland State Police, Wear and Carry Permit page (mdsp.maryland.gov), updated following the Fourth Circuit's January 20, 2026 opinion.

Conduct During Traffic Stops

Maryland law does not contain an explicit statutory duty for Wear and Carry Permit holders to proactively inform law enforcement that they are carrying a firearm during a traffic stop. However, the Baltimore County Police Department publishes the following recommended procedures for all traffic stops:

1. When signaled by an officer, safely pull over to a place out of traffic flow
2. Sit calmly with your hands visible on the steering wheel; if you have passengers, ask them to sit quietly with their hands visible
3. Avoid sudden movements or ducking in the seat — these actions can unnecessarily alarm the officer
4. At nighttime, turn on your interior lights when you pull over so the officer can visually scan the car's interior
5. Do not exit the vehicle unless the officer asks you to step out; if asked, comply calmly
6. Communicate your actions in advance — tell the officer what you will be doing before you move (you may also ask to see the officer's identification)
7. If requested, tell the officer where your license and registration are located before reaching for them — especially if stored in the glove box or another unusual place

While not legally mandated, voluntarily informing the officer that you hold a Wear and Carry Permit and are currently armed is widely recommended by firearms trainers and law enforcement for safety.

Source: Baltimore County Government, "Resources and Tips for Citizens" — Traffic Stops section (baltimorecountymd.gov).

Unmarked Police Vehicles

Per the Maryland State Police FAQ, if you are signaled to stop by an unmarked vehicle:

• Police vehicles must activate a siren to be considered an emergency vehicle and may or may not display red or blue lights
• Most unmarked MSP vehicles display at least one blue flashing light
• If you feel uncomfortable, acknowledge the vehicle (wave) and slow down, then drive to a well-lit area where other people are present
• Dial #77 on a cell phone to connect with the nearest Maryland State Police barrack — the dispatcher can verify the stop and assist you

Federal Protections for Interstate Transport (FOPA)

Under 18 U.S.C. § 926A (the Firearm Owners Protection Act), a person may transport a firearm through any state, including Maryland, if:

• The firearm is unloaded and not readily accessible (e.g., locked in the trunk or a locked container separate from ammunition)
• The person may lawfully possess the firearm at both the origin and destination

This federal protection applies regardless of Maryland state law. However, Maryland has historically interpreted FOPA narrowly, and travelers relying solely on FOPA protections (without a Maryland permit) should exercise caution — particularly regarding stops, delays, or overnight stays within the state. FOPA is an affirmative defense, not an immunity from arrest.

LEOSA (Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act)

The Maryland State Police Licensing Division processes LEOSA credentials for qualified current and retired law enforcement officers under 18 U.S.C. §§ 926B–926C. LEOSA allows qualified officers to carry concealed firearms nationwide, including in vehicles.

• LEOSA ID Cards issued by the Maryland State Police are renewable online through the MSP Licensing Portal
• LEOSA overrides state-level carry restrictions for qualified officers but does not exempt them from federal prohibitions or certain state sensitive-places laws
• Applications and renewals are handled through the MSP Licensing Division LEOSA page
• Application instructions are available in the LEOSA instructions PDF

Source: Maryland State Police, LEOSA page and Licensing Division page (mdsp.maryland.gov).

Non-Resident Permits

Maryland's Wear and Carry Permit is available to both residents and non-residents. The eligibility criteria under MD Public Safety § 5-306 do not distinguish between resident and non-resident applicants — the same requirements for age, criminal history, training, and background investigation apply.

Non-residents who frequently travel through Maryland with a handgun should obtain a Maryland permit, as the state does not honor carry permits from any other state. Maryland has no reciprocity agreements for concealed carry permits.

Staying Informed

Maryland firearms laws are subject to ongoing legislative and judicial changes. The Maryland State Police Licensing Division maintains a public mailing list that provides periodic updates regarding changes to licenses, permits, statutory and regulatory changes, and system updates. Permit holders are encouraged to subscribe.

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This guide is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Firearm laws are subject to change through legislation and court decisions. Consult the full Maryland statutes or a qualified attorney for specific legal guidance.

Maryland Concealed Carry Reciprocity

Overview

Maryland does not recognize concealed carry permits or licenses issued by any other state. Maryland has no reciprocity agreements with any other state for concealed carry purposes.

Key Points

No Recognition of Out-of-State Permits

• Maryland does not honor concealed carry licenses or permits from any other state.
• Visitors to Maryland who hold concealed carry permits from other states cannot legally carry a concealed firearm in Maryland based on their out-of-state permit.
• According to the Pennsylvania Attorney General's reciprocity summary (updated September 18, 2021), Maryland is listed among the states that do not allow holders of other states' concealed carry licenses to carry a concealed firearm without a separate Maryland-issued permit.

Non-Resident Permit Applications

• Maryland does allow non-residents to apply for a Maryland Wear and Carry Permit. According to the Pennsylvania Attorney General's reciprocity document, Maryland is listed among states where residents of other states "may apply for a separate concealed carry license."
• Non-residents must meet all applicable Maryland requirements for obtaining a Wear and Carry Permit. Applicants should contact the Maryland State Police to verify current requirements.

Transporting Firearms Through Maryland

• Per the Maryland Department of State Police FAQ: "Federal law allows a person to transport a firearm through Maryland but not to Maryland if the firearm is not in compliance with state law."
• Persons transporting firearms through Maryland should ensure compliance with all applicable federal and state transport requirements.

Assault Weapons Restrictions for Visitors

• A person may not transport an assault weapon into Maryland for target competition unless the person lawfully possessed, had a purchase order for, or applied to purchase the weapon before October 1, 2013.
• Maryland residents who lawfully owned banned firearms prior to October 1, 2013 may travel with them to other states and return, provided it is not a violation in the destination state and the firearm is transported in accordance with the law.

Fingerprinting for Non-Residents

• Out-of-state LiveScan providers are not approved by the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services. Non-residents seeking a Maryland permit must use Maryland-approved LiveScan providers.

Summary Table

Important Notes

• Maryland has restrictions on assault weapons. Persons traveling to or through Maryland should verify compliance with all applicable Maryland firearms laws.
• Applicants for a Maryland Wear and Carry Permit should contact the Maryland State Police to verify current requirements, as laws and regulations may change.
• Persons traveling to or through Maryland should exercise extreme caution regarding Maryland's strict firearms laws.

Use of Force Laws in Maryland

Maryland's use of force laws govern when a person may legally use physical force — including deadly force — in self-defense or defense of others. These laws are critically important for concealed carry permit holders (Maryland Wear and Carry Permit holders) to understand.

Important Note on Source Limitations

Maryland's self-defense laws are primarily derived from common law (judge-made law developed through court decisions) rather than a comprehensive statutory "Stand Your Ground" or "Castle Doctrine" code section. There is no single Maryland statute codifying the duty to retreat or Castle Doctrine — these doctrines are established through Maryland appellate court decisions. The statutory provisions below relate to firearms possession, carrying, prohibited conduct, and protective orders, which directly affect how and when a permit holder may lawfully have a firearm available for defensive use.

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Self-Defense Under Maryland Common Law

Maryland does not have a statutory "Stand Your Ground" law. Maryland's self-defense doctrine is rooted in common law and generally imposes a duty to retreat before using deadly force, with limited exceptions.

General Principles

• A person may use reasonable force to defend themselves when they have a reasonable belief that they are in imminent danger of bodily harm.
• The force used in self-defense must be proportional to the threat faced.
• Deadly force (force likely to cause death or serious bodily harm) may only be used when a person reasonably believes they are in imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm.
• Maryland law generally requires a person to retreat if they can do so safely before resorting to deadly force, unless they are in their own home (the "Castle Doctrine" exception).
• The person claiming self-defense bears the burden of producing evidence to support the claim, though the State retains the burden of disproving self-defense beyond a reasonable doubt.

Duty to Retreat

• Maryland imposes a duty to retreat before using deadly force in public places. A person must attempt to avoid the conflict by retreating if it is safe to do so.
• The duty to retreat does not apply when a person is inside their own home (Castle Doctrine). A person has no obligation to retreat from their dwelling before using force, including deadly force, in self-defense.
• The person claiming self-defense must not have been the initial aggressor in the confrontation.
• The duty to retreat is evaluated based on whether the defender reasonably believed they could retreat safely — not based on hindsight analysis of whether retreat was actually possible.

Castle Doctrine

• Under Maryland common law, a person who is in their own home and is not the aggressor has no duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense.
• This applies when the person reasonably believes deadly force is necessary to prevent imminent death or serious bodily harm.
• The Castle Doctrine applies to the person's dwelling — Maryland courts have interpreted this to include the home itself but the exact scope (e.g., curtilage, attached garages, yards) depends on case-specific facts.
• A co-occupant or invited guest may also invoke the Castle Doctrine in certain circumstances, provided they are not the aggressor.

Defense of Others

• Maryland common law permits a person to use force, including deadly force, in defense of another person under the same circumstances that would justify self-defense.
• The defender must reasonably believe that the person being protected is in imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm.
• The defender "steps into the shoes" of the person being defended — if the person being defended would not have been justified in using force, the defender is likewise not justified.

Defense of Property

• Maryland common law generally does not permit the use of deadly force solely to protect property.
• Reasonable, non-deadly force may be used to prevent the unlawful taking or destruction of property, but only where the force is proportional to the threat to the property.
• If a property crime escalates into a threat of death or serious bodily harm to a person, the standard self-defense analysis applies.

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Use of Force and Concealed Carry

Maryland law requires that a person issued a Wear and Carry Permit carry the permit on their person whenever they carry, wear, or transport a handgun, per MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-308. The possession of a carry permit does not expand or alter a permit holder's legal right to use force. All standard self-defense principles and the duty to retreat apply equally to permit holders.

Wear and Carry Permit Requirements (MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-306)

To be eligible for a Wear and Carry Permit, a person must:

• Not be prohibited from possessing a firearm
• Be an adult (at least 21 years old)
• Not have been convicted of a crime involving the possession, use, or distribution of a controlled dangerous substance
• Not presently be an alcoholic, addict, or habitual user of a controlled dangerous substance (unless under legitimate medical direction)
• Have completed the required training course (16 hours for initial issue; 8 hours for renewal)
• Not have exhibited a propensity for violence or instability
• Have a good and substantial reason to wear, carry, or transport a handgun, such as a finding that the permit is necessary as a reasonable precaution against apprehended danger

A person who possesses a valid Maryland Wear and Carry Permit is exempt from separately obtaining a Handgun Qualification License (HQL) under MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-117.1. The Secretary may issue an HQL without additional application or fee to a Wear and Carry Permit holder who does not already hold one.

Handgun Qualification License (MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-117.1)

Separate from the Wear and Carry Permit, Maryland requires a Handgun Qualification License (HQL) to purchase, rent, or receive a handgun. A dealer or any other person may not sell, rent, or transfer a handgun unless the purchaser presents a valid HQL. To qualify, a person must:

• Be at least 21 years old
• Be a resident of the State
• Have completed a firearms safety training course approved by the Secretary within 3 years prior to application
• Not be otherwise prohibited from purchasing or possessing a handgun under State or federal law

An HQL expires 10 years from the date of issuance. Exemptions from the HQL requirement include active or retired law enforcement officers with valid credentials and active or retired members of the armed forces with valid military ID.

Carrying Without a Permit (MD Criminal Law Code Ann. § 4-203)

Per MD Criminal Law Code Ann. § 4-203, a person may not wear, carry, or transport a handgun on or about the person — whether concealed or open — without a valid permit. A person also may not wear, carry, or knowingly transport a handgun in a vehicle traveling on a road, parking lot, highway, waterway, or airway of the State. Maryland courts presume that a person who transports a handgun in a vehicle does so knowingly.

Exceptions to § 4-203 include:

• Law enforcement officials of the United States, the State, or a county or city of the State
• Members of the armed forces of the United States or of the National Guard on duty or traveling to or from duty
• Law enforcement officials of another state temporarily in Maryland on official business
• Correctional officers or wardens of correctional facilities in the State
• Sheriffs and full-time or part-time assistant or deputy sheriffs
• Individuals whom have been issued a Maryland Wear and Carry Permit
• Individuals transporting a handgun for lawful purposes (e.g., to a repair shop, shooting range, or hunting) — the handgun must be unloaded and carried in an enclosed case or enclosed holster with ammunition kept separate

Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA)

Under federal law (18 U.S.C. §§ 926B and 926C), qualified active and separated (retired) law enforcement officers may carry a concealed handgun in any state, including Maryland, provided they meet specific requirements. In Maryland, the Maryland State Police Licensing Division issues LEOSA identification cards to qualified separated Maryland State Troopers and Deputy State Fire Marshals. Requirements include:

• Separation in good standing from a law enforcement agency
• At least 10 years of aggregate law enforcement service (or separation due to service-connected disability after completing probation)
• Annual firearms qualification meeting active-duty standards, certified by a Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commission (MPCTC) certified instructor
• Not officially found unqualified for reasons relating to mental health
• Not under the influence of alcohol or intoxicating substances
• Not prohibited by state or federal law from receiving a firearm

The LEOSA ID card is valid for one year from the date of firearms qualification. The application fee is $8.00 (non-refundable). Members of other Maryland law enforcement agencies seeking LEOSA credentials should contact their respective agencies.

No Reciprocity

Maryland does not recognize permits or CCWs from any other state. An out-of-state permit holder has no authority to carry a concealed handgun in Maryland based on their home state's permit.

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Extreme Risk Protective Orders (ERPO)

Effective October 1, 2018 (HB1302, Ch. 250, 2018 Legislative Session), Maryland's Extreme Risk Protective Order law allows courts to temporarily require a person to surrender firearms and ammunition and prohibit them from purchasing or possessing firearms and ammunition. While an ERPO is a civil order (not a criminal charge), it has direct implications for concealed carry permit holders.

Who Can File an ERPO

A petition may be filed by a:

• Spouse or cohabitant
• Relative by blood, marriage, or adoption
• Person with children in common
• Current dating or intimate partner
• Current or former legal guardian
• Law enforcement officer
• Medical professional who has examined the respondent (physician, psychologist, clinical social worker, licensed clinical professional counselor, psychiatric nurse practitioner, or health officer)

Grounds for an ERPO

An ERPO may be filed against a person who poses an immediate and present danger of causing personal injury to self or others by having firearms. Risk factors include:

• Alarming behavior and statements
• Unlawful firearm possession
• Reckless or negligent firearm use
• Violence or threats of violence to self or others
• Violating peace or protective orders
• Drug and/or alcohol abuse
• Information contained in health records

Duration of ERPOs

Firearm Surrender Requirements

• If served personally by a law enforcement officer, the respondent must immediately surrender all firearms.
• If served by mail, the respondent must contact the designated law enforcement agency and arrange for immediate surrender.
• When transporting a firearm for surrender: notify the law enforcement unit, ensure the firearm is unloaded, transport directly to the station, and carry a copy of the ERPO.

Return of Firearms

When the ERPO expires or is terminated, the custodial law enforcement agency verifies the respondent is not otherwise prohibited from possessing firearms and returns them within:

• 14 days after expiration of an Interim or Temporary ERPO
• 14 days after a court terminates a Final ERPO
• 48 hours after expiration of a Final ERPO

Violations

Violating an ERPO is a crime that may result in contempt, arrest, criminal prosecution, imprisonment, and/or fine. Law enforcement may arrest the respondent with or without a warrant if probable cause exists.

Confidentiality

All court records relating to an ERPO are confidential and will not appear on the Judiciary's Case Search. Access is limited to court personnel, the respondent or their counsel, authorized Maryland Department of Health personnel, law enforcement agencies, and persons authorized by court order.

Filing Fees

There are no filing fees, service fees, or appeal fees for Extreme Risk Protective Orders.

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Prohibited Use of Force

• A person may not use force in retaliation or as punishment — force is only justified to prevent imminent harm.
• A person who is the initial aggressor generally cannot claim self-defense unless they have clearly withdrawn from the encounter and communicated that withdrawal to the other party.
• Use of excessive force (force disproportionate to the threat) is not legally justified and may result in criminal charges.
• Deadly force may not be used to resist an arrest by a person known to be a law enforcement officer, even if the arrest is unlawful.

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Prohibited Persons — Firearm Possession

State Prohibitions (MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-133 and § 5-118)

A person may not possess a regulated firearm if the person:

• Has been convicted of a crime of violence
• Has been convicted of certain drug offenses under MD Criminal Law Code Ann. §§ 5-602 through 5-614
• Has been convicted of a common law crime and received a term of imprisonment of more than 2 years
• Is a fugitive from justice
• Is a habitual drunkard (defined as a person found guilty of three DUI offenses under Transportation Article § 21-902, one within the past year)
• Is a habitual user of controlled dangerous substances (defined as a person found guilty of two CDS crimes, one within the past 5 years)
• Is addicted to a controlled dangerous substance
• Suffers from a mental disorder with a history of violent behavior
• Has been found incompetent to stand trial or not criminally responsible
• Has been voluntarily admitted for more than 30 consecutive days to a mental health facility
• Has been involuntarily committed to a mental health facility
• Is under the protection of a court-appointed guardian (except when solely due to physical disability)
• Is a respondent against whom a current non ex parte civil protective order has been entered under § 4-506 of the Family Law Article, or against whom an order for protection issued by another state or Native American tribe is in effect under § 4-508.1
• If under age 30, was adjudicated delinquent for an act that would be a disqualifying crime if committed by an adult

Note on Regulated vs. Non-Regulated Firearms: Under Maryland law, a "regulated firearm" means a handgun or a firearm classified as an assault weapon. A "non-regulated firearm" means any rifle or shotgun that does not meet the definition of an assault weapon. The prohibitions under § 5-133 apply specifically to regulated firearms.

Ammunition Possession (MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-133.1)

A person prohibited from possessing a regulated firearm under § 5-133 is also prohibited from possessing ammunition.

Straw Purchases (MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-136)

A person may not knowingly or willfully participate in a straw purchase of a regulated firearm. A straw purchase means a sale in which a person uses another (the "straw purchaser") to complete the application, take initial possession, and subsequently transfer the firearm to the actual buyer.

Cannabis Users and Firearm Possession

Per 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3), federal law bars medical cannabis patients and personal cannabis users from purchasing or possessing firearms. Marijuana remains a Schedule I controlled substance under federal law, and there are no exceptions for state-sanctioned medical or personal use. The Maryland State Police queries individuals seeking to purchase a firearm about their cannabis use status and bars those who disclose use from completing the transaction. Providing false information is a federal offense punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000.

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Firearm Storage Around Children (MD Criminal Law Code Ann. § 4-104)

A person may not store or leave a loaded firearm in a location where the person knew or should have known that an unsupervised child would gain access to the firearm.

• Child is defined as an individual under 16 years of age
• Firearm includes but is not limited to a handgun, rifle, shotgun, short-barreled rifle, or short-barreled shotgun

Exceptions — This section does not apply if:

1. The child's access to a firearm is supervised by an individual at least 18 years old
2. The child's access to a firearm was obtained as a result of an unlawful entry
3. The firearm is in the possession or control of a law enforcement officer while engaged in official duties
4. The child has a certificate of firearm and hunter safety issued under § 10-301.1 of the Natural Resources Article

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Regulated Firearm Purchase Restrictions

Seven-Day Waiting Period (MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-123)

A licensed dealer may not sell, rent, or transfer a regulated firearm until after 7 days following the time a firearm application is executed by the applicant and the original is forwarded to the Secretary of State Police.

One-Purchase-Per-30-Days Limit (MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-128)

A person may not purchase more than one regulated firearm in a 30-day period. Exceptions include purchases of antique firearms, purchases by designated collectors, purchases by law enforcement officers for official purposes, purchases by licensed dealers, and exchanges or replacements of a regulated firearm by the same seller within 30 days.

New Resident Registration Requirement

As of October 1, 2013, new residents of Maryland are required to register all regulated firearms with the Maryland State Police. Registration is handled through the MSP Licensing Division.

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Interaction with Law Enforcement While Carrying

Maryland law does not impose a statutory duty on concealed carry permit holders to affirmatively inform law enforcement officers that they are carrying a firearm during a traffic stop or other encounter. However, permit holders must:

• Carry their Wear and Carry Permit on their person at all times when carrying, wearing, or transporting a handgun (§ 5-308)
• Present the permit if requested by a law enforcement officer
• Comply with all lawful orders from law enforcement
• Avoid sudden movements that could be interpreted as threatening

As a practical matter, voluntarily disclosing that you hold a valid carry permit and are armed is generally advisable to promote safety during any law enforcement encounter.

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Key Statute Reference Table

Maryland Castle Doctrine & Stand Your Ground Laws

Overview

Maryland does not have a Stand Your Ground law. Maryland is a duty-to-retreat state, meaning that individuals generally have an obligation to retreat from a confrontation before using deadly force, if retreat can be done safely.

Maryland has a limited Castle Doctrine that applies within one's home, though it is based primarily on case law rather than a specific codified statute.

Note: Maryland's self-defense and use of force principles, including the duty to retreat and Castle Doctrine, are derived from common law and case law rather than specific statutes. The information below reflects widely recognized legal principles established through Maryland appellate court decisions. Individuals should consult Maryland case law and a qualified attorney for authoritative guidance.

Duty to Retreat

Under Maryland law, a person who is threatened outside of their home generally has a duty to retreat before resorting to deadly force, provided retreat can be accomplished safely. This duty to retreat is established through Maryland case law and common law principles, including decisions such as Crawford v. State and subsequent appellate rulings. The duty applies in all public spaces and locations outside the home.

Key points about the duty to retreat:

• The duty applies only when retreat is safely possible — if a person cannot retreat safely, they may use force including deadly force in self-defense
• The duty applies in all locations outside the home, including public streets, businesses, vehicles, and other people's property
• The person claiming self-defense bears the burden of showing that retreat was not safely available, or that the situation fell within the Castle Doctrine exception

Castle Doctrine (Home Defense)

Maryland recognizes a limited Castle Doctrine through case law:

• A person has no duty to retreat when they are inside their own home (their "castle") before using force, including deadly force, in self-defense
• The use of deadly force in the home is permitted when the occupant reasonably believes they are in imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm
• This protection generally applies to the dwelling itself and does not extend broadly to other property such as a yard, detached garage, or vehicle
• The defender must still meet the general requirements of self-defense (reasonable belief, not the initial aggressor, proportional force) — the Castle Doctrine only removes the duty to retreat within the home
• The Castle Doctrine does not create a blanket right to use deadly force against any intruder; the occupant must still face a genuine threat of death or serious bodily harm

Self-Defense Standards

Maryland's self-defense law, derived from common law and case law, generally requires:

1. Reasonable belief of imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm
2. The defender must not be the aggressor in the confrontation
3. The force used must be proportional — deadly force may only be used in response to a threat of death or serious bodily harm
4. Outside the home, the defender must have exhausted reasonable means of retreat before using deadly force

Perfect vs. Imperfect Self-Defense

Maryland recognizes two forms of self-defense:

• Perfect self-defense is a complete defense to a homicide charge. It requires that the defender had both an honest and reasonable belief that deadly force was necessary to prevent imminent death or serious bodily harm, and that the defender was not the aggressor and (outside the home) could not safely retreat.
• Imperfect self-defense may reduce a charge from murder to voluntary manslaughter when the defender had an honest but unreasonable belief that deadly force was necessary. This doctrine applies when one or more elements of perfect self-defense are missing — for example, if the belief in imminent danger was genuine but not objectively reasonable.

Firearm Definitions

Under Md. Code, Public Safety § 5-101, a "firearm" means:

• A weapon that expels, is designed to expel, or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive; or
• The frame or receiver of such a weapon

The definition includes starter guns.

Maryland law also distinguishes between:

• Regulated firearm — a handgun, or a firearm classified or defined by Maryland law as an assault weapon
• Non-regulated firearm — any rifle or shotgun that does not meet the definition of an assault weapon

Wearing, Carrying, and Transporting Handguns

Under Md. Code, Criminal Law § 4-203, a person may not:

• Wear, carry, or transport a handgun, whether concealed or open, on or about the person
• Wear, carry, or knowingly transport a handgun, whether concealed or open, in a vehicle traveling on a road or parking lot generally used by the public, highway, waterway, or airway of the State

Maryland courts presume that a person who transports a handgun in a vehicle on a public road does so knowingly.

Exceptions to § 4-203

The prohibition does not apply to:

• Law enforcement officials of the United States, the State, or a county or city of the State
• Members of the armed forces or National Guard on duty or traveling to/from duty
• Law enforcement officials of another state temporarily in Maryland on official business
• Correctional officers or wardens of a correctional facility in the State
• Sheriffs and full-time or part-time assistant/deputy sheriffs
• Individuals issued a valid Maryland Wear and Carry Permit
• Persons transporting a handgun for lawful purposes (e.g., repair shop, shooting range, hunting) — each handgun must be unloaded and carried in an enclosed case or enclosed holster

Wear and Carry Permit Requirements

Per Md. Code, Public Safety § 5-303 through § 5-308, a person must have a permit before carrying, wearing, or transporting a handgun. Eligibility requirements under § 5-306 include:

• Not prohibited from possessing a firearm
• At least 21 years of age
• No conviction for a crime involving possession, use, or distribution of a controlled dangerous substance
• Not presently an alcoholic, addict, or habitual user of a controlled dangerous substance (unless under legitimate medical direction)
• Completion of the required training course
• No demonstrated propensity for violence or instability
• A good and substantial reason to wear, carry, or transport a handgun, such as a reasonable precaution against apprehended danger

A permit holder must carry the permit on their person whenever carrying, wearing, or transporting a handgun (§ 5-308).

HQL exemption: The Secretary may issue a Handgun Qualification License, without an additional application or fee, to a person who meets the requirements for a Wear and Carry Permit and does not already hold an HQL (§ 5-306).

Handgun Qualification License (HQL)

Under Md. Code, Public Safety § 5-117.1, a dealer or any other person may not sell, rent, or transfer a handgun to a purchaser, lessee, or transferee unless that person presents a valid Handgun Qualification License (HQL). Requirements include:

• At least 21 years of age
• A resident of the State
• Satisfactory completion of a firearms safety training course approved by the Secretary within 3 years prior to application
• Not otherwise prohibited from purchasing or possessing a handgun under State or federal law

The HQL expires 10 years from the date of issuance.

Important: An HQL is not a carry permit — it only authorizes purchase, rental, or receipt of a handgun. A Maryland Wear and Carry Permit is a separate credential.

HQL Exemptions

The HQL requirement does not apply to:

• Persons possessing valid credentials or retirement credentials from a law enforcement agency of the United States, the State, or any local Maryland law enforcement agency
• Active or retired members of the U.S. armed forces or National Guard possessing a valid military identification card
• Persons purchasing, renting, or receiving an antique, curio, or relic firearm as defined in federal law or Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives determinations

Persons Prohibited from Firearm Possession

Under Md. Code, Public Safety § 5-133, § 5-118, and related sections, a person may not possess a regulated firearm if they:

• Have been convicted of a disqualifying crime or a crime of violence
• Have been convicted of a violation classified as a common law crime and received imprisonment of more than 2 years
• Have been convicted of a violation of Criminal Law Article §§ 5-602, 5-603, 5-604, 5-605, 5-612, 5-613, or 5-614 (controlled dangerous substance offenses)
• Are a fugitive from justice
• Are a habitual drunkard or addicted to/habitual user of a controlled dangerous substance
• Suffer from a mental disorder (as defined in Health–General Article § 10-101(f)(2)) with a history of violent behavior
• Have been found incompetent to stand trial under Criminal Procedure Article § 3-106
• Have been found not criminally responsible under Criminal Procedure Article § 3-110
• Have been voluntarily admitted for more than 30 consecutive days to a mental health facility
• Have been involuntarily committed to a mental health facility
• Are under the protection of a court-appointed guardian (except solely for physical disability)
• Are a respondent against whom a current non ex parte civil protective order has been entered under Family Law Article § 4-506, or against whom a protective order from another state or Native American tribe is in effect
• If under 30 years old, have been adjudicated delinquent for an act that would be a disqualifying crime if committed as an adult

Under § 5-133.1, a person prohibited from possessing a regulated firearm is also prohibited from possessing ammunition.

Firearm Storage Requirements

Under Md. Code, Criminal Law § 4-104, a person may not store or leave a loaded firearm in a location where the person knew or should have known that an unsupervised child (under 16 years of age) would gain access to the firearm. The term "firearm" under this section includes but is not limited to a handgun, rifle, shotgun, short-barreled rifle, or short-barreled shotgun.

Exceptions apply if:

• The child's access is supervised by an individual at least 18 years old
• The child obtained access through unlawful entry
• The firearm is in the possession or control of a law enforcement officer engaged in official duties
• The child has a certificate of firearm and hunter safety issued under Natural Resources Article § 10-301.1

New Resident Firearm Registration

As of October 1, 2013, new residents of Maryland are required to register all regulated firearms with the Maryland State Police. Registration is handled through the MSP Licensing Division. Voluntary registration is also available for existing residents.

Extreme Risk Protective Orders (ERPO)

Effective October 1, 2018 (HB1302, Ch. 250 of the 2018 Legislative Session), Maryland's Extreme Risk Protective Order law allows a court to temporarily require a person to:

• Surrender all firearms and ammunition to law enforcement
• Not purchase or possess firearms or ammunition

With reasonable belief that a person meets the requirements, an ERPO also allows the court to refer someone for an emergency evaluation due to mental disorder.

What an ERPO Cannot Do

An ERPO cannot order a person to:

• Stop threatening or committing abuse
• Stay away from a home, place of employment, or school
• Have no contact with the petitioner or others

Other legal remedies (such as peace orders or protective orders) exist for those protections. An ERPO is a civil order, not a criminal charge.

Who Can File an ERPO

A petition may be filed by a:

• Spouse, cohabitant, or relative by blood, marriage, or adoption
• Person with children in common
• Current dating or intimate partner
• Current or former legal guardian
• Law enforcement officer
• Medical professional who has examined the respondent — including a physician, psychologist, clinical social worker, licensed clinical professional counselor, clinical nurse specialist in psychiatric and mental health nursing, psychiatric nurse practitioner, licensed clinical marriage or family therapist, or health officer or designee of a health officer

A petitioner who, in good faith, files a Petition for Extreme Risk Protective Order is not civilly or criminally liable for filing the petition.

An ERPO can be filed against a minor.

Risk Factors Considered

Factors demonstrating possible risk include:

• Alarming behavior and statements
• Unlawful firearm possession
• Reckless or negligent firearm use
• Violence or threats of violence to self or others
• Violating peace or protective orders
• Drug and/or alcohol abuse
• Information contained in health records

Duration of ERPO Orders

The final hearing is usually scheduled within 7 days after the respondent is served with the Temporary ERPO. The court may hold the final hearing with or without the respondent being present, provided the respondent has been served.

Firearm Surrender Requirements

• If served in person, the respondent must immediately surrender all firearms to the officer
• If served by mail, the respondent must contact the designated law enforcement agency and arrange immediate surrender
• When transporting a firearm for surrender: notify the agency, ensure the firearm is unloaded, transport directly to the station, and carry a copy of the ERPO
• Violating an ERPO is a crime that may result in contempt, arrest, criminal prosecution, imprisonment, and/or fine. The respondent can be arrested with or without a warrant if a law enforcement officer has probable cause.

Return of Firearms

When the ERPO terminates or expires, the custodial law enforcement agency notifies the respondent and verifies they are not otherwise prohibited from possessing firearms. Firearms are returned no later than:

• 14 days after expiration of an Interim or Temporary ERPO
• 14 days after a court terminates a Final ERPO
• 48 hours after expiration of a Final ERPO

Appeals, Modifications, and Extensions

• Either party may appeal a District Court judge's decision to grant or deny an ERPO. The appeal is filed in the District Court where the petition was decided. The District Court judgment remains in effect until superseded by a Circuit Court judgment.
• A judge may modify, rescind, or extend an ERPO after a hearing on a Petition to Modify/Rescind/Extend.
• There are no filing fees, service fees, or appeal fees for Extreme Risk Protective Orders.

Emergency Evaluation Referral

Under the ERPO law, the court can also refer the respondent for an emergency evaluation for a mental disorder:

• If a commissioner finds probable cause based on the ERPO petition and addendum, they are required to refer the respondent to law enforcement for a determination
• If a judge finds probable cause, they are required to refer the respondent for an emergency evaluation under a temporary ERPO and authorized to do so under a final ERPO

Confidentiality of ERPO Records

All court records relating to an ERPO are confidential and will not appear on the Judiciary's Case Search. Contents may not be divulged, by subpoena or otherwise, except by court order for good cause. However, the following parties have access:

• Personnel of the court
• The respondent or counsel for the respondent
• Authorized personnel of the Maryland Department of Health
• Authorized personnel of a local core service agency or local behavioral health authority
• Law enforcement agencies
• A person authorized by court order for good cause shown

Federal Funding for ERPO Programs

Maryland receives federal funding through the Byrne State Crisis Intervention Program (Byrne SCIP), authorized by the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA) of 2022 (Pub. L. No. 117-159). This funding supports ERPO program implementation, training, public awareness, behavioral health deflection, and law enforcement firearm storage and tracking infrastructure. The program is administered in Maryland by the Governor's Office of Crime Prevention, Youth, and Victim Services (GOCPYVS).

Additional Firearm Regulations

• 7-day waiting period (§ 5-123): A licensee may not sell, rent, or transfer a regulated firearm until 7 days after the firearm application is executed and forwarded to the Secretary.
• 30-day purchase limit (§ 5-128): A person may not purchase more than one regulated firearm in a 30-day period. Exceptions include purchases of antique firearms, designated collectors, law enforcement officers, licensees, and exchanges or replacements of a regulated firearm within 30 days of the original purchase.
• Straw purchases prohibited (§ 5-136): A person may not knowingly or willfully participate in a straw purchase of a regulated firearm. A "straw purchase" means a sale in which a person uses another (the straw purchaser) to complete the application, take initial possession, and subsequently transfer the firearm to the actual buyer.

Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA)

Qualified separated (retired) law enforcement officers from the Maryland Department of State Police may obtain a LEOSA identification card to carry a concealed handgun under federal law (18 U.S.C. §§ 926B and 926C). Requirements include:

• Separation in good standing from a law enforcement agency
• At least 10 years of aggregate service as a law enforcement officer (or separation due to service-connected disability)
• Annual firearms qualification meeting active-duty standards, through a Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commission certified instructor
• Not found unqualified for mental health reasons
• Not prohibited by State or federal law from receiving a firearm

The LEOSA ID card costs $8.00 (non-refundable) and is valid for one year from the date of firearms qualification. Members of other Maryland law enforcement agencies should contact their respective agencies for LEOSA credentials.

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Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Maryland firearm laws are complex and subject to change through legislation and court decisions. Consult a qualified Maryland attorney for guidance on specific legal situations. Information current as of April 2026.

Maryland Concealed Carry Training Requirements

Overview

Maryland requires mandatory firearms training for both the initial issuance and renewal of a Wear and Carry Permit (concealed carry permit). These requirements were established under the Firearms Safety Act of 2013 (SB 281) and are administered by the Maryland State Police Licensing Division.

Initial Permit Training Requirements

16-Hour Training Course (Initial Issue)

• 16 hours of training is required for the initial issuance of a handgun (carry) permit.
• Training must be conducted by a Maryland State Police-approved Qualified Handgun Instructor.
• The course covers the minimum criteria required under SB 281.
• Upon completion, instructors must complete the Maryland State Police Certified Qualification Score Sheet.
• The course includes a live-fire component based on a practical police course.

Renewal Training Requirements

8-Hour Training Course (Renewal)

• 8 hours of training is required for the renewal of a handgun (carry) permit.
• Training must also be conducted by an approved Qualified Handgun Instructor.
• Upon completion, instructors complete the Maryland State Police Certified Qualification Score Sheet.

Qualified Handgun Instructors

Training must be provided by instructors approved by the Maryland State Police. There are two pathways for instructor approval:

Qualified Handgun Instructor Certificate

For instructors who are certified by the Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commissions or hold a valid certification from a nationally recognized firearms organization:

• Must apply online through MyLicense
• Must provide a valid copy of their Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commission certificate or a valid instructor certification card from a nationally recognized firearms organization
• The certificate expiration date matches the expiration of the supporting credential

Qualified Handgun Instructor License

For instructors who are not certified by the above bodies:

• Must apply online through MyLicense
• Must provide proof of formal training in the care, safety, and use of handguns, including a minimum qualification score of 80 percent on a practical police course
• Must provide proof of a minimum of 1 year of experience in instruction in the care, safety, and use of handguns
• The license is valid for 4 years from the date of issuance
• The Secretary shall issue the license within a reasonable time upon receipt of a properly completed application

Exemptions from Training Requirements

The following individuals are exempt from the Handgun Qualification License (HQL) training requirement (note: separate from Wear and Carry training):

• Individuals who have completed a course approved by the Secretary of the Maryland State Police
• Individuals who have completed the DNR (Department of Natural Resources) Hunter Safety Course
• Individuals who are honorably discharged from the Armed Forces or National Guard
• Employees of an armored car company who hold a handgun permit
• Individuals who lawfully owned a regulated firearm (prior to October 1, 2013)
  • When applying for an HQL, the applicant provides the serial number of their legally owned handgun to satisfy this exemption

Handgun Qualification License (HQL) Training

Separate from the Wear and Carry Permit, Maryland also requires a Handgun Qualification License (HQL) to purchase a regulated firearm. The HQL training requirement is:

• 4-hour course covering firearm safety
• After completion, instructors log into their account and verify each applicant they have instructed

Key Statutory References

• Maryland Public Safety Article, Title 5, Subtitle 1 — Regulated firearms provisions
• SB 281 (Firearms Safety Act of 2013) — Contains the minimum training criteria that instructors must certify
• Public Safety Article § 5-102(6) — Dealer exemptions
• Public Safety Article § 5-146(a) — Lost/stolen firearm notification requirements

Contact Information

• Maryland State Police Handgun Permit Section: msp.handgunpermits@maryland.gov
• Fingerprinting: Must be conducted by a LiveScan provider approved by the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services
• Applications: Submitted online through the MyLicense portal

Maryland Concealed Carry (Wear and Carry Permit) — Application Process

Issuing Authority

The Maryland Wear and Carry Permit (handgun permit) is issued by the Maryland Department of State Police (MSP), Licensing Division.

Who Must Apply

Any person who wishes to legally wear, carry, or transport a handgun in Maryland must possess and maintain on their person a valid Maryland Handgun Wear and Carry Permit issued by the Maryland Department of State Police.

Important: Submission of the Wear and Carry Permit application does not authorize the applicant to wear, carry, or transport a handgun.

How to Apply

The Maryland State Police application to Wear and Carry a firearm can ONLY be completed through the MSP Licensing Portal at licensingportal.mdsp.maryland.gov.

Prerequisites and Minimum Documentation

Before submitting an application, the following must be completed:

1. LiveScan Fingerprints

• Prior to submitting the application, the applicant must submit LiveScan fingerprints for a background investigation.
• Fingerprints must be submitted to Maryland CJIS and the FBI under the wear and carry authorization code.
• A receipt from the LiveScan vendor documenting the submission must be uploaded into the Wear and Carry Permit application in the Licensing Portal.
• LiveScan fingerprinting must be performed by a provider approved by the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services (DPSCS). Unapproved providers may not be used.
• The wear and carry authorization code and additional fingerprinting information is available on the MSP Fingerprinting page.

2. Firearms Safety Training Course

• Unless exempt from the training requirement, the applicant must successfully complete the MSP-approved 16-hour Firearms Safety Training Course provided by a Qualified Handgun Instructor.
• The training must be completed within 2 years prior to the submission of the Wear and Carry Permit application.
• The applicant must upload a completed and signed MSP 29-14 Certified Qualification Score Sheet to the documents section of the application in the Licensing Portal.
• Information on exemptions from the training requirement can be found on the MSP Wear and Carry Permit Training page.

3. Color Passport-Style Photograph

• The applicant must upload a color passport-style photograph into the application in the Licensing Portal.
• A photo editor and complete instructions are provided on the photograph page of the application.
• It is not necessary to purchase passport-style photographs; the portal provides tools for this process.

Step-by-Step Application Process

1. Complete prerequisites — Submit LiveScan fingerprints and complete the 16-hour firearms safety training course (unless exempt).
2. Create a Licensing Portal account — Applicants who do not have an account must create one. A personal email account is required. Licensing Portal accounts shall not be shared.
3. Begin the application — Log in and start the "Application for Wear & Carry Permit (Handgun Permit)."
4. Complete all sections — Fill out each section of the application and upload all required documentation (LiveScan receipt, qualification score sheet, photograph).
5. Submit payment — Upon completing all application requirements, the applicant is directed to the payment page. Once fees are entered, the application is finalized and submitted to the Licensing Division.
6. Licensing Division review — The Licensing Division reviews the application for completeness and accepts all complete applications.
   • Applications that do not meet minimum requirements will be sent back to the applicant for corrections.
   • After corrections are made, the application can be resubmitted.
   • Incomplete applications are typically reviewed within 1–5 business days; applicants are notified via email within 5 business days.
7. Background investigation — Accepted applications are placed in the queue for a criminal history background investigation.
   • The MSP investigates the character, reputation, and qualifications of each applicant.
   • A computer-generated criminal history background investigation is conducted to determine if the applicant is prohibited by State or federal law from purchasing or possessing a regulated firearm.
   • During the investigation, the applicant may be contacted by a background investigator to schedule an interview if necessary.
8. Final disposition — Once the background investigation is complete, the Licensing Division renders a final disposition.
   • The applicant receives an email notification to log into their Licensing Portal account to review the final disposition.
   • If approved: An approval letter and the wear and carry permit card are sent via US Mail to the address on file.
   • If disapproved: The application is denied. The applicant may, within 10 days after receipt of the final disposition, request an informal review and/or file an appeal to the Office of Administrative Hearings. Detailed instructions are provided in the final disposition notification.

Application Notes

• The application must be completed on a computer, then printed and signed. Handwritten applications will be returned as incomplete.
• If the online application will not accept a valid email address, the applicant may handwrite the email address on the printed application (must be accurate and legible).
• The LiveScan receipt number field at the top of the application may be left blank; just include a copy of the LiveScan receipt with the application.
• Applications with false information may result in a criminal investigation of the applicant.
• Returned/incomplete applications are not considered received by the Licensing Division until they are returned satisfactorily completed with necessary attachments and fees.

Processing Time

• Please allow 90 days for completion of the application process.
• Once the Licensing Division electronically receives the completed application and required fee, the applicant will be notified of the final disposition within 90 days.
• The application itself can be completed in the Licensing Portal within approximately 1.5–2 hours (after prerequisites are met).

Permit Duration and Renewal

Initial Permit

• The initial Wear and Carry Permit expires on the last day of the permit holder's birth month following two (2) years after the date the permit is issued.
• Modified or duplicate permits expire on the date provided on the initial permit.

Renewal

• Permits may be renewed for successive periods of three (3) years each.
• At the time of renewal, the applicant must possess the qualifications for issuance and pay the renewal fee.
• The renewal process should be started 90 days before expiration of the permit.
• Timely renewal is the responsibility of the permit holder.
• The Licensing Portal sends renewal reminders via email to the confirmed email address associated with the applicant's account.

Address and Email Changes

• It is the permit holder's responsibility to update their Licensing Portal account with any email or address changes.
• Alternatively, the Licensing Division must be notified in writing within 30 days of any change.
• Updated information may be sent to: msp.handgunpermits@maryland.gov

Contact Information

• Wear and Carry Permit / LEOSA questions: msp.handgunpermits@maryland.gov
• Firearms Registration / Application status: msp.firearmsregistration@maryland.gov
• Licensing Portal: licensingportal.mdsp.maryland.gov

Key Legal References

• Maryland Public Safety Article, Title 5 (including § 5-118, Firearm Applications)
• Fingerprinting administered under authority of the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services

Maryland Wear and Carry Permit Renewal Process

Overview

Maryland Wear and Carry Permit holders must renew their permits through the Maryland State Police (MSP) Licensing Portal. The renewal process closely mirrors the original application process but with some reduced requirements.

Key Requirements

Training Requirement

• Unless exempt from the training requirement, renewal applicants must successfully complete an MSP-approved 8-hour Firearms Safety Training Course provided by a Qualified Handgun Instructor registered with the Maryland State Police.
• Applicants must upload a completed and signed MSP 29-14 Certified Qualification Score Sheet to the documents section of the renewal application in the Licensing Portal.
• The handgun instructor must be registered with the Maryland State Police online registration. Out-of-state or unregistered instructors are not accepted.

Fingerprints

• Livescan fingerprints are NOT required for renewal applications.

Documentation

• An updated MSP 29-14 Certified Qualification Score Sheet must be submitted.
• Applicants may be prompted to update their passport-style photograph.
• All pre-populated information from the original application should be verified for accuracy and currency.

Application Process

1. Log into the existing Licensing Portal account.
2. Begin the Application for Wear & Carry Permit (Handgun Permit). The system will automatically recognize the existing permit and adjust the application accordingly.
3. Many pages will be pre-populated from the original application. Verify all information is valid and current.
4. Upload all required documentation (qualification score sheet, photo if required).
5. Proceed to the application payment page and submit payment.
6. The application is finalized and submitted to the Licensing Division for review.

Processing

• The Licensing Division reviews the application for completeness.
• Complete applications are accepted; incomplete applications or those missing required information/documentation are sent back to the applicant for corrections.
• Corrected applications can be resubmitted.
• Accepted applications undergo a criminal history background check and receive a final disposition.
• Allow 90 days for completion of the renewal application process.

Fees

• Acceptable forms of payment: Visa and MasterCard
• All application fees are collected electronically upon submission in the Licensing Portal.
• Application fees are non-refundable.

Critical Timing Requirements

• Renewal applications MUST be submitted prior to the expiration date of the current Wear and Carry Permit.
• If a renewal application is submitted at least 14 days (two weeks) prior to the expiration date, the permit holder is still allowed to carry on the expired permit until the renewed permit is received.
• If the application is returned for incompleteness and resubmitted after the two-week window, the applicant will NOT be allowed to carry their handgun on the expired permit.
• Applications submitted after the permit expiration date will be REJECTED. In that case, the applicant must submit a new original application with:
  • A new 16-hour firearms safety training certificate (rather than the 8-hour renewal course)
  • Proof of a new Livescan fingerprint submission
  • The full original application fee of $125.00 (plus fingerprint fees)

Replacement Permits

• If a permit is lost or stolen, a replacement request is submitted through the online portal account.
• A notarized letter explaining the circumstances of the loss/theft must be attached.
• Replacement/Modification fee: $20.00 (paid via credit card).
• Security guards, private detectives, armored car drivers, or special police officers must attach an updated company sponsorship.

Portal Access

• Applicants must remember their log-on name and password for future renewal applications.
• A Wear and Carry Portal Users Guide is available for guidance.

Contact Information

Additional questions may be emailed to the Licensing Division Handgun Permit Unit at: msp.handgunpermits@maryland.gov

Relevant Statutes

• PS 5-304 (Law enforcement officer fee exemption)
• Full Maryland statutes available at LexisNexis or the Maryland General Assembly website.

Maryland Concealed Carry Permit (Wear and Carry Permit) — Fees and Costs

Overview

Maryland concealed carry permits — officially called Wear and Carry Permits — are issued by the Maryland Department of State Police (MSP), Licensing Division under authority of the Maryland Public Safety Article, Title 5, Subtitle 3 (§§5-301 through 5-314). Applications are submitted and processed exclusively through the MSP Licensing Portal.

All MSP licensing fees are non-refundable, including if an application is denied, withdrawn, or returned for deficiencies. Fees paid to approved fingerprint vendors are separate from MSP licensing fees and are likewise non-refundable. Applications are made under oath per Md. Code, Pub. Safety §5-304.

State Application Fees

Fee amounts are established by statute (Md. Code, Pub. Safety §5-304) as maximum amounts the Secretary may charge. The MSP currently charges the statutory maximum:

Fees are collected electronically upon application submission through the Licensing Portal.

Important correction: Some older references cite lower fees ($75 initial / $50 renewal). The current statutory maximums and MSP-published fees are $125 initial and $75 renewal per §5-304(b). Always verify with the MSP Fee Schedule (PDF).

Fee Exemptions

The following individuals are exempt from permit fees per Md. Code, Pub. Safety §5-304(c):

• State, county, or municipal public safety employees who are required to carry, wear, or transport a handgun as a condition of governmental employment
• Retired law enforcement officers of the State or a county or municipal corporation of the State

The MSP Wear and Carry Permit page confirms: Law Enforcement: $0.00.

Replacement Permits (Lost or Stolen)

To obtain a replacement for a lost or stolen permit, you must submit (Source: MSP FAQ):

1. A notarized letter explaining the circumstances surrounding the disappearance of the permit
2. A $20 check or money order (or electronic payment)
3. One (1) passport-size photograph taken within the last 30 days
4. If you are a security guard, private detective, armored car guard, or special police officer: a company letter from your current employer verifying your employment

One-Day / Single-Location Permits

The statute authorizes the Secretary to reduce fees for permits limited to a single day and single location, at the Secretary's discretion per Md. Code, Pub. Safety §5-304.

Fingerprinting Fees

Fingerprinting is required for all Wear and Carry Permit applications. Per Md. Code, Pub. Safety §5-305, the Secretary must obtain state and national (FBI) criminal history records checks for each applicant through the Central Repository.

Applicants must submit:

• Fingerprints on approved forms (LiveScan electronic fingerprinting)
• Maryland criminal history processing fee (paid to MSP/CJIS)
• FBI processing fee (paid to FBI via MSP)

Key Fingerprinting Rules

• Fingerprinting must be completed at an MSP-approved vendor — out-of-state providers are not approved (Source: MSP W&C Permit page)
• LiveScan technicians require the Wear and Carry authorization code specific to this permit type
• Fees paid to the fingerprint vendor do not include fees owed to the Licensing Division for application processing — these are separate charges (Source: MSP Fingerprinting page)
• All fingerprinting fees are non-refundable
• Information obtained through criminal history records checks is confidential and may not be disseminated per §5-305(c)

Estimated total fingerprinting costs (vendor fee + state processing + FBI processing): approximately $50–$80, though applicants should confirm current fees directly with their chosen approved vendor and the MSP Fee Schedule (PDF).

Approved vendor locations: MSP Fingerprinting page

Training Costs

Maryland requires completion of a firearms training course from a Qualified Handgun Instructor (QHI) approved by MSP. Training must be completed within 2 years prior to application submission (Source: MSP W&C Permit page).

Training Curriculum Requirements (per Md. Code, Pub. Safety §5-306)

The approved course must cover:

• Firearms safety rules and Maryland firearm law
• Home firearm safety
• Handgun mechanisms and operation
• Live-fire qualification exercise (documented on MSP 29-14 Certification Score Sheet)

Training Exemptions

Certain law enforcement and military personnel may be exempt from training requirements. Consult the MSP W&C Permit page for current exemption categories.

Training Cost Notes

• Training costs are set by individual instructors and are not regulated by the state
• Prices vary significantly by provider, location, and whether the course includes range fees and ammunition
• The MSP does not publish a list of instructor fees
• Applicants must submit the MSP 29-14 Certification Score Sheet completed by the approved instructor as part of their application

Permit Duration and Renewal

Permit Term

• Initial permits expire on the last day of the holder's birth month, two years after issuance (Source: MSP W&C Permit page)
• Renewal permits are valid for three-year successive periods, provided the applicant maintains eligibility and pays the renewal fee

Renewal Process

• Renewal applications must be submitted before permit expiration — late submissions require starting over as an original (initial) application at the higher fee ($125 instead of $75)
• The MSP Licensing Portal sends renewal reminders to permit holders' confirmed email addresses
• Renewal requires completion of an 8-hour refresher training course (unless exempt)
• Renewal applicants must continue to meet all eligibility requirements

Practical tip: Because late renewals reset to original application status (higher fee, 16-hour training requirement, longer processing), applicants should begin the renewal process well before expiration.

Processing Timeline

• Completeness review: 1–5 business days after submission (Source: MSP W&C Permit page)
• Background investigation: Variable duration
• Total processing time: Allow approximately 90 days from application submission to final disposition
• Notification of decision is sent via email and postal mail

Note: Submission of a Wear and Carry Permit application does not authorize you to wear, carry, or transport a handgun. You must wait for permit issuance. (Source: MSP W&C Permit page)

Total Estimated Cost Summary

Important: These are estimates. MSP application fees are confirmed at $125 / $75 per the MSP website. Fingerprinting and training costs vary. Verify all fees with the MSP and your training provider before applying.

Payment Methods

• Statutory payment methods (§5-304(d)): Electronic check, credit card, or method of online payment approved by the Secretary
• MSP-accepted payment: Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order (payable to "Maryland State Police")
• Cash is not accepted (Source: MSP Fee Schedule page)
• All fees are non-refundable — fees will not be returned if the application is denied, withdrawn, or returned for deficiencies
• Applications and fees are submitted through the MSP Licensing Portal: mdsp.maryland.gov — Licensing Portal

Related Fees (Other Firearm Licenses)

For applicants who may also need other MSP firearm licenses:

MSP 77R application/processing fees are non-refundable. (Source: MSP Regulated Firearm Purchases page)

Statutory References

• Md. Code, Public Safety Article §5-303 — Permit requirement (carrying without a permit prohibited)
• Md. Code, Public Safety Article §5-304 — Application requirements and fee schedule (initial up to $125, renewal up to $75, replacement up to $20, exemptions)
• Md. Code, Public Safety Article §5-305 — Criminal history records check; fingerprint submission and fee requirements
• Md. Code, Public Safety Article §5-306 — Permit qualification standards (age, criminal history, training, mental health)
• Md. Code, Public Safety Article §5-307 — Scope of permit (concealment requirements)
• Md. Code, Public Safety Article §5-308 — Duty to carry permit on person
• Md. Code, Public Safety Article §5-312 — LEOSA provisions
• COMAR 29.03.01 — MSP Licensing Division regulations

Contact Information

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This guide references Maryland Public Safety Article, Title 5, Subtitle 3 and MSP Licensing Division sources as of April 2026. Fee amounts ($125 initial, $75 renewal, $20 replacement) are confirmed from both the statute (§5-304) and the MSP Wear and Carry Permit page. The MSP Fee Schedule PDF contains the authoritative complete fee list. Always verify current fees directly with MSP before applying.

Maryland Weapon Restrictions for Concealed Carry Permit Holders

Assault Weapons Ban (Firearms Safety Act of 2013 - SB 281)

Maryland prohibits the possession, sale, and transfer of certain assault weapons as defined under the Criminal Law Article, Title 4, Subtitle 3, and Public Safety Article, Title 5.

Banned Assault Long Guns

• Specific firearms are enumerated as banned assault weapons under Public Safety Article § 5-101(r)(2)
• A "copycat weapon" as defined under Criminal Law § 4-301(e) is also prohibited — this includes semi-automatic rifles with certain features or configurations that meet the statutory definition
• Firearms lawfully owned prior to October 1, 2013 are grandfathered and not required to be registered

Copycat Weapons

• A weapon with an overall length of less than 29 inches that is "designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder" may qualify as a "copycat weapon" subject to assault weapon prohibitions under CR Title 4, Subtitle 3
• Example: A pistol placed within a Micro RONI device frame becomes a rifle; if the overall length is less than 29 inches, it becomes a prohibited "copycat weapon"

Lower Receivers

• A lower receiver of a banned assault long gun purchased after October 1, 2013 may only be built into:
  • A handgun
  • A short-barreled rifle with an overall length of 29 inches or greater
  • If an AR-15 platform, a heavy barrel model
• A lower receiver purchased at any time may be manufactured into a handgun (with compliance with federal and state laws)

Magazine Restrictions

• Magazines are not required to be registered

Handgun Restrictions

Handgun Roster

• Handguns may not be sold in Maryland or manufactured for distribution in Maryland unless they are included on the Handgun Roster maintained by the Maryland State Police (Public Safety Article, Title 5)

Regulated Firearms Purchase Restrictions

• A person may not purchase more than one regulated firearm in a 30-day period (exceptions exist for designated firearms collectors)
• A Handgun Qualification License (HQL) is required to purchase a handgun that is not classified as a curio and relic
• A background check is required for each regulated firearm purchase, even if a recent purchase was approved

Carrying and Transporting Restrictions

Wear and Carry Permit

• Maryland requires a Wear and Carry Handgun Permit to carry a handgun, issued by the Maryland State Police
• Maryland does not recognize concealed carry permits or CCWs from any other state
• The governing statute for wearing, carrying, or transporting a handgun is Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Title 4, Section 203

Transporting Handguns (Without a Carry Permit)

Per Criminal Law § 4-203 and MSP guidance, handguns must be transported under the following conditions:

• The handgun must be unloaded
• The handgun must be in an enclosed case or enclosed holster
• Ammunition must be separate from the handgun
• It is recommended to keep the unloaded handgun in the trunk where it is not accessible
• Transport is limited to specific purposes: between residences, to/from a repair shop, to/from a shooting sporting event, or between a residence and a place of business substantially owned and operated by the person

Interstate Transport

Per 18 U.S.C. § 926A, a person not prohibited from possessing firearms may transport a firearm interstate provided:

• The firearm is unloaded
• Neither the firearm nor ammunition is readily accessible or directly accessible from the passenger compartment
• If the vehicle has no separate compartment from the driver's compartment, the firearm or ammunition must be in a locked compartment other than the glove compartment or console

Assault Weapons Transport

• A Maryland resident who lawfully owned a banned firearm prior to October 1, 2013 may travel with it to other states and return, provided it is not a violation in the destination state and is transported in accordance with the law
• A person may not transport an assault weapon into Maryland for target competition unless the person lawfully possessed, had a purchase order for, or applied to purchase the weapon before October 1, 2013
• Federal law allows transport through Maryland but not to Maryland if the firearm does not comply with state law

Firearm Storage Restrictions

Under Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Article 4, Section 104:

• It is unlawful to store or leave a loaded firearm in a location where the person knew or should have known that an unsupervised minor has access to the firearm
• For safety purposes, stored firearms should be unloaded and the use of an appropriate lock or locked container is recommended

Cannabis and Firearms

• Federal law (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3)) prohibits any person who is an unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance from possessing firearms or ammunition
• Marijuana remains a Schedule I controlled substance under federal law; there are no federal exceptions for state-sanctioned medical or personal use
• Maryland State Police query individuals seeking to purchase a firearm about their status as a medical cannabis patient or personal cannabis user and bar those who disclose such status from completing the transaction
• Providing false information by failing to disclose cannabis patient/user status when purchasing a firearm is a federal violation punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000

Prohibited Persons

The following categories of persons are prohibited from purchasing or possessing regulated firearms (per State and Federal prohibitors referenced by MSP):

• Habitual user: A person found guilty of two controlled dangerous substance crimes, one of which occurred in the past 5 years
• Habitual drunkard: A person found guilty of any three crimes under § 21-902(a), (b), or (c) of the Transportation Article, one of which occurred in the past year
• Persons subject to a protective order
• Persons arrested or convicted of a disqualifying crime
• Persons placed on supervised probation
• Other state and federal prohibitors as defined by law

Permit Expiration and Renewal

• If a renewal application is submitted in the Licensing Portal at least two (2) weeks prior to the expiration date, the permit holder may continue to carry on the expired permit until the renewed permit is received
• If the application is returned for incompleteness and resubmitted after the two-week window, the holder may not carry the handgun
• Replacement of a lost or stolen permit requires a notarized letter explaining the circumstances and a $10 fee

Training Requirements for Carry Permit

• Initial permit: 16 hours of training required
• Renewal: 8 hours of training required
• Training must be conducted by an instructor registered with the Maryland State Police

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Sources: Maryland State Police Licensing Division FAQs (mdsp.maryland.gov); Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Title 4; Maryland Public Safety Article, Title 5; 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3); 18 U.S.C. § 926A

Carrying Under the Influence — Maryland

Maryland prohibits handling, carrying, or using firearms while impaired by alcohol or drugs. This restriction applies to all concealed carry permit holders and is enforced through both statutory law and administrative regulations. Violations can result in permit revocation, criminal charges, and loss of firearm possession rights.

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Core Rule for Permit Holders

Under COMAR 29.03.02.02(D) (Code of Maryland Regulations, Maryland State Police — Handgun Permits):

"A permit holder may not wear, carry, or transport a handgun while under the influence of alcohol or drugs."

This is a strict administrative rule that applies whenever a Maryland Handgun Wear and Carry Permit holder is armed in public. The regulation does not specify a numeric blood alcohol concentration (BAC) threshold for carrying — the prohibition is triggered by being "under the influence" of alcohol or drugs.

Source: COMAR 29.03.02.02, issued pursuant to Public Safety Article § 5-306(a), Annotated Code of Maryland.

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Prohibited Transfers to Impaired Persons

Under COMAR 29.03.01.11(B)(3) (Secondary Sales of Regulated Firearms):

"A person may not sell, rent, or transfer a regulated firearm to ... a purchaser, lessee, or transferee who is visibly under the influence of alcohol or drugs."

This means a permit holder who is visibly impaired cannot lawfully receive a firearm from another person, even in a private secondary sale.

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Habitual Drunkard — Disqualification from Firearm Possession

Maryland law bars "habitual drunkards" from purchasing or possessing regulated firearms. Per the Maryland State Police:

"Habitual drunkard is a person who has been found guilty of any three crimes under § 21-902(a), (b), or (c) of the Transportation Article, one of which occurred in the past year."

Statutory reference: Md. Code, Transportation Article § 21-902 (driving while impaired/under the influence statutes).

Effect on permit holders: A conviction record meeting this definition is a disqualifying condition for firearm purchase and possession under the Maryland Public Safety Article.

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Habitual User of Controlled Substances

A person found guilty of two controlled dangerous substance crimes, one within the past 5 years, is a "habitual user" and is prohibited from possessing regulated firearms under Maryland law.

"Habitual user is a person who has been found guilty of two controlled dangerous substance crimes, one of which occurred in the past 5 years."

Source: Maryland State Police FAQs (mdsp.maryland.gov).

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Cannabis / Marijuana — Federal Prohibition Applies

Even with a valid Maryland medical cannabis card or under Maryland's legal personal-use cannabis framework, federal law prohibits firearm possession:

"Federal law bars medical cannabis patients and personal cannabis users from purchasing or possessing firearms. The Federal Gun Control Act, 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3), prohibits any person who is an 'unlawful user of or addicted to any controlled substance' ... from shipping, transporting, receiving or possessing firearms or ammunition. Marijuana is listed in the Controlled Substances Act as a Schedule I controlled substance, and there are no exceptions in Federal law for marijuana purportedly used for medicinal purposes, even if such use is sanctioned by State law."

Penalty for false statement: Failing to disclose cannabis use on a firearm purchase application is punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a fine up to $250,000.

Source: Maryland State Police, Regulated Firearm Purchases FAQ.

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Driving While Impaired — Related Penalties

While not firearm-specific, impaired driving convictions feed into the "habitual drunkard" disqualification. Per Maryland State Police:

• First offense: Up to $500 fine and up to 2 months imprisonment
• Second offense: $500 fine and up to 1 year imprisonment

Maryland troopers use the Standard Field Sobriety Test and may use preliminary breath testers roadside. If a driver's BAC is 0.05 or less, it is presumed the person was not under the influence of alcohol and not driving while impaired by alcohol.

Statute: Md. Code, Transportation Article § 21-902.

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Carrying Firearm While Hunting Under the Influence

Under COMAR 08.03.16.03(C) and Natural Resources Article § 10-410(i):

A person convicted of "carrying a firearm while hunting under the influence of alcohol or a narcotic drug" faces a hunting license suspension of 3 years and is prohibited from engaging in any hunting activity or applying for any hunting license, permit, or stamp during that period.

This is a separate offense from concealed carry impairment but reinforces Maryland's broad policy against armed impairment.

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Extreme Risk Protective Orders (Red Flag Law)

Maryland's Public Safety Article Subtitle 6 (§§ 5-601 through 5-608) allows courts to issue Extreme Risk Protective Orders (ERPOs) requiring surrender of firearms and ammunition when a respondent poses an "immediate and present danger of causing personal injury" by possessing a firearm.

• Interim ERPO — issued by District Court commissioner
• Temporary ERPO — issued by judge after hearing
• Final ERPO — issued after full hearing

All three order types require surrender of firearms and ammunition to law enforcement and prohibit purchase or possession for the duration of the order.

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Practical Guidance for CCW Permit Holders

1. Do not consume alcohol or impairing drugs while carrying. COMAR 29.03.02.02(D) prohibits carrying while "under the influence" of alcohol or drugs and does not specify a numeric BAC limit.
2. Secure your firearm before drinking. If you will be consuming alcohol, leave your handgun secured at home or in a locked container (not on your person or within reach in a vehicle).
3. Prescription medications count. Drugs that impair judgment, coordination, or reaction time — even lawfully prescribed — can trigger the "under the influence" prohibition.
4. Cannabis is disqualifying under federal law. Using cannabis (medical or recreational) while owning firearms creates federal criminal exposure under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(3).
5. Multiple DUI convictions can cost your permit and possession rights. Three § 21-902 convictions (one within the past year) triggers "habitual drunkard" status.
6. Permit revocation risk. A conviction for carrying under the influence, DUI, or a controlled substance offense may lead the Secretary of State Police to revoke your Handgun Wear and Carry Permit.

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Key Statutory and Regulatory References

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Official Sources

• Maryland State Police FAQs — https://mdsp.maryland.gov/Pages/FAQs.aspx
• Maryland State Police, Regulated Firearm Purchases — https://mdsp.maryland.gov/Organization/Pages/CriminalInvestigationBureau/LicensingDivision/Firearms/RegulatedFirearmPurchases.aspx
• COMAR 29.03.02.02 (Handgun Permits – Generally) — https://regs.maryland.gov
• COMAR 29.03.01.11 (Secondary Sales) — https://regs.maryland.gov/us/md/exec/comar/29.03.01.11
• COMAR 08.03.16.03 (Hunting License Suspension) — https://regs.maryland.gov/us/md/exec/comar/08.03.16.03
• Maryland General Assembly Statutes — https://mgaleg.maryland.gov

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This reference summarizes Maryland law as of April 2026. Laws and regulations change — verify current text with official sources or consult a licensed Maryland attorney before relying on this information in any legal matter.

Maryland Firearm Storage Requirements

Statutory Requirement: Safe Storage of Loaded Firearms

Under Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Article 4, Section 104 (CR § 4-104), Maryland law imposes specific storage requirements for firearms in the home:

• It is unlawful for any person to store or leave a loaded firearm in a location where the person knew or should have known that an unsupervised child would gain access to the firearm.
• Under the statute, a "child" is defined as an individual under 16 years of age.
• A "firearm" includes but is not limited to a handgun, rifle, shotgun, short-barreled rifle, or short-barreled shotgun.

Exceptions

The storage requirement under CR § 4-104 does not apply if:

1. The child's access to a firearm is supervised by an individual at least 18 years old;
2. The child's access to a firearm was obtained as a result of an unlawful entry;
3. The firearm is in the possession or control of a law enforcement officer while the officer is engaged in official duties; or
4. The child has a certificate of firearm and hunter safety issued under § 10-301.1 of the Natural Resources Article.

Key Points for Concealed Carry Permit Holders

• The storage law applies to all persons, not just concealed carry permit holders specifically
• The law specifically addresses loaded firearms — the prohibition is triggered when a loaded firearm is stored or left where an unsupervised child could access it
• The law focuses on the knowledge element — the person must have known or should have known that an unsupervised child would gain access

Note: The sections below reference statutes and guidance not included in the verified source material. They are included for informational reference but should be independently verified.

Transporting Firearms (Related Storage/Carrying Considerations)

While not strictly "storage," Maryland law imposes requirements on how firearms must be kept when being transported, which is relevant to concealed carry permit holders:

• When transporting (without a Wear and Carry Permit), handguns must generally be:
  • Unloaded
  • In an enclosed case or enclosed holster
  • With ammunition separate from the handgun
• Transport is only permitted between specific locations as listed in Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Title 4, Section 203 (CR § 4-203)

Note: The transportation requirements above are based on CR § 4-203, which was not included in the verified source material for this review. Readers should consult the statute directly for authoritative details.

Interstate Transport

Per 18 U.S.C. § 926A, when transporting firearms interstate:

• The firearm must be unloaded
• Neither the firearm nor ammunition may be readily accessible or directly accessible from the passenger compartment
• If the vehicle does not have a compartment separate from the driver's compartment, the firearm or ammunition must be in a locked compartment other than the glove compartment or console

Note: The interstate transport requirements above are based on 18 U.S.C. § 926A, which was not included in the verified source material for this review. Readers should consult the federal statute directly for authoritative details.

Statutory References

Maryland Transportation Laws for Firearms

General Prohibition on Transporting Handguns

Under Maryland Annotated Code, Criminal Law, Title 4, Section 203, a person may not wear, carry, or transport a handgun, whether concealed or open, on or about the person, or in a vehicle, without meeting specific statutory exceptions.

For a detailed account of the prohibitions on wearing, carrying, or transporting a handgun, refer directly to MD Criminal Law § 4-203.

There are statutory exceptions to this general prohibition (see below).

Requirements for Lawful Transport of Handguns (Without a Wear and Carry Permit)

When transporting a handgun under one of the statutory exceptions, the following conditions must be met:

1. The handgun must be unloaded
2. The handgun must be in an enclosed case or enclosed holster
3. Ammunition must be kept separate from the handgun
4. It is recommended to keep the unloaded handgun in the trunk where the person does not have access to it

Permitted Purposes for Transport (Without a Wear and Carry Permit)

A person may transport a handgun only:

• Between residences
• To and from a repair shop
• To and from a shooting sporting event
• Between a residence and a place of business if the business is substantially owned and operated by the person
• To and from locations otherwise listed in the statute (Criminal Law § 4-203)

Interstate Transportation of Firearms

Under 18 U.S.C. § 926A (Federal Peaceable Journey Law), a person who is not prohibited from possessing, transporting, shipping, or receiving a firearm shall be entitled to transport a firearm for any lawful purpose from any place where they may lawfully possess and carry such firearm to any other place where they may lawfully possess and carry such firearm, provided:

• The firearm is unloaded
• Neither the firearm nor any ammunition is readily accessible or directly accessible from the passenger compartment
• If the vehicle does not have a compartment separate from the driver's compartment, the firearm or ammunition must be in a locked compartment other than the glove compartment or console

Important: Federal law allows a person to transport a firearm through Maryland but not to Maryland if the firearm is not in compliance with Maryland state law.

Assault Weapons and Interstate Travel

• A Maryland resident who lawfully owned a banned assault weapon prior to October 1, 2013 may travel with the firearm to other states and return, so long as it is not a violation in the destination state and the firearm is transported in accordance with the law.
• A person may not transport an assault weapon into Maryland for target competition unless the person lawfully possessed, had a purchase order for, or applied to purchase the weapon before October 1, 2013.

Wear and Carry Permit Holders

Holders of a valid Maryland Wear and Carry Permit may carry a handgun as authorized by their permit. Maryland does not recognize permits or CCWs from any other state.

• If a renewal application is submitted in the Licensing Portal at least fourteen (14) days prior to the expiration date, the permit holder may continue to carry on the expired permit until the renewed permit is received.
• If the application is returned for incompleteness and resubmitted after the two-week window, the holder may not carry.

Key Statutory References

Maryland State Preemption of Firearms Laws

Overview

Maryland is a partial preemption state. State law preempts most local regulation of firearms, but carves out several significant exceptions that allow counties, municipalities, and special taxing districts to regulate firearms in specific ways. Concealed carry permit holders traveling throughout Maryland should understand that while core firearm laws are uniform statewide, local ordinances may still restrict discharge, regulate firearms near public assembly places, and impose age-based restrictions.

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Primary Preemption Statute — Md. Criminal Law § 4-209

Maryland Code, Criminal Law Article § 4-209 is the principal state preemption statute governing handguns, rifles, shotguns, and ammunition.

General Rule — § 4-209(a)

"Except as otherwise provided in this section, the State preempts the right of a county, municipal corporation, or special taxing district to regulate the purchase, sale, taxation, transfer, manufacture, repair, ownership, possession, and transportation of: (1) a handgun, rifle, or shotgun; and (2) ammunition for and components of a handgun, rifle, or shotgun."

Source: Md. Code, Criminal Law § 4-209

Exceptions to Preemption — § 4-209(b)

Local jurisdictions retain authority to regulate firearms and ammunition in the following areas:

1. Minors — Regulation of purchase, sale, transfer, ownership, possession, and transportation by minors.
2. Local law enforcement — Regulation with respect to law enforcement officials of the subdivision.
3. Sensitive locations — Regulation within 100 yards of or in a park, church, school, public building, or other place of public assembly.

Protected Activities — § 4-209(b)(2)

Local jurisdictions may not prohibit:

• The teaching of or training in firearms safety
• Other educational or sporting uses of firearms and ammunition

Court-Ordered Surrender Transport — § 4-209(b)(3)

A county, municipality, or special taxing district may not prohibit transportation of a firearm by a person carrying a court order requiring its surrender, provided:

• The handgun, rifle, or shotgun is unloaded;
• The person has notified the law enforcement unit, barracks, or station that the item is being transported; and
• The person transports the item directly to the law enforcement unit, barracks, or station.

Grandfather Clause — § 4-209(c)

"To the extent that a local law does not create an inconsistency with this section or expand existing regulatory control, a county, municipal corporation, or special taxing district may exercise its existing authority to amend any local law that existed on or before December 31, 1984."

Pre-1985 local laws may remain in effect and be amended, so long as the amendments do not expand local regulatory reach.

Discharge of Firearms — § 4-209(d)

• Local governments may regulate the discharge of handguns, rifles, and shotguns.
• Local governments may not prohibit discharge at established ranges.

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Additional State Preemption — Regulated Firearms

Md. Public Safety § 5-133(a) — Possession of Regulated Firearms

"This section supersedes any restriction that a local jurisdiction in the State imposes on the possession by a private party of a regulated firearm, and the State preempts the right of any local jurisdiction to regulate the possession of a regulated firearm."

COMAR 29.03.01.02(H) — Sale of Regulated Firearms

"This chapter supersedes any restriction that a local jurisdiction in the State imposes on the sale, transfer, or possession of a regulated firearm, and the State preempts the right of any local jurisdiction to regulate the sale of a regulated firearm."

Source: COMAR 29.03.01.02

The term "regulated firearm" is defined by Maryland statute at Md. Code, Public Safety § 5-101(h). Permit holders should consult the current statutory text for the operative definition, which controls which firearms are subject to Maryland's regulated-firearm purchase, sale, transfer, and possession requirements.

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What This Means for Permit Holders

Uniform Statewide (Preempted)

• Handgun, rifle, and shotgun purchase, sale, and transfer rules
• Ownership and possession standards for regulated firearms
• Taxation of firearms and ammunition
• General transportation of firearms
• Manufacture and repair of firearms

May Vary by Locality (Not Preempted)

• Minor-related firearm regulations
• Rules within 100 yards of or inside parks, churches, schools, public buildings, and other places of public assembly
• Rules governing local law enforcement officers
• Discharge of firearms (except at established ranges)
• Pre-1985 local ordinances that have not been expanded

Practical Implications

• Always check local ordinances before carrying or transporting firearms in unfamiliar jurisdictions. County and municipal codes may include age-based sale restrictions, pawnbroker/secondhand-dealer rules, gun-shop zoning, and discharge regulations that remain enforceable under § 4-209(b).
• Some municipalities (e.g., Chevy Chase) expressly incorporate county weapons chapters, making local enforcement of county rules possible.
• Municipalities such as Annapolis, Cheverly, Edmonston, La Plata, and Laurel maintain ordinances covering firearm sales to minors, secondhand dealer handling of firearms, and weapon display.

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Local Examples Within Preemption Exceptions

The following are illustrative of local rules that remain enforceable because they fall under § 4-209(b) exceptions or predate 1985:

• Annapolis (Title 11, Ch. 11.44) — Firearms and ammunition registration provisions.
• Cheverly (Ch. 20, § 20-5) — Prohibits sale/barter of long guns or ammunition to persons under 18, and handguns to persons under 21.
• Edmonston (Ch. 360, § 360-14) — Prohibits sale of firearms or ammunition to persons under 21.
• Laurel (Unified Land Development Code § 20-7.8) — Prohibits gun shops within 100 yards of a park, church, or school; prohibits firearm sales to minors.
• La Plata (Ch. 143, § 143-5) — Prohibits pawnbrokers, swap shops, and secondhand dealers from receiving as a pledge or purchase any revolver, pistol, blackjack, or sawed-off shotgun; additionally, no pawnbroker may display any such weapons in a window or shop for sale.
• Montgomery County (Ch. 44A) — Secondhand dealer licensing and reporting for firearm transactions.
• Howard County (Title 14, Subtitle 10) and Kent County (Ch. 120) — Pawnbroker/secondhand dealer licensing covering firearms.

These ordinances are generally permissible because they target minors, sensitive locations, discharge, or secondhand dealer licensing — all outside the scope of full state preemption.

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Key Statutory & Regulatory References

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Recent and Pending Legislation

The Maryland General Assembly's 2026 Regular Session was in progress as of the most recent source review, and the legislative record may change throughout the session. Permit holders should monitor the Maryland General Assembly legislative tracking site for current session activity affecting firearms preemption under Md. Criminal Law § 4-209 or Md. Public Safety § 5-133.

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Summary for Concealed Carry Permit Holders

Maryland's preemption framework means statewide uniformity for core firearm purchase, ownership, and possession rules, while local governments retain authority over discharge, sensitive locations (within 100 yards of parks, churches, schools, public buildings, and places of public assembly), minors, and their own law enforcement officers. Permit holders should research local ordinances in any county or incorporated municipality before carrying in unfamiliar jurisdictions.

Primary Sources:

• Md. Code, Criminal Law § 4-209
• COMAR 29.03.01
• Md. Public Safety § 5-133

Maryland Red Flag Laws (Extreme Risk Protective Orders)

Maryland enacted its red flag law through House Bill 1302 (Ch. 250 of the 2018 Legislative Session), signed by Governor Larry Hogan on April 24, 2018, and effective October 1, 2018. Codified at MD Code, Public Safety §§ 5-601 through 5-610, the law created the Extreme Risk Protective Order (ERPO) — a civil court order that temporarily requires an individual to surrender firearms and ammunition and prohibits them from purchasing or possessing firearms while the order is in effect.

Maryland was notably the first state to include health care professionals as authorized petitioners in its ERPO law.

What an ERPO Can and Cannot Do

An ERPO can:

• Temporarily require surrender of all firearms and ammunition to law enforcement
• Prohibit the respondent from purchasing or possessing firearms or ammunition
• Allow the court to refer someone for an emergency mental health evaluation

An ERPO cannot:

• Order a person to stop threatening or committing abuse
• Order a person to stay away from a home, place of employment, or school
• Order a person to have no contact with the petitioner or others
• Serve as a criminal charge (an ERPO is a civil order)

For protective remedies such as stay-away orders or no-contact provisions, petitioners should pursue a separate Peace Order or Protective Order through the District Court.

Who Can File an ERPO Petition

Under MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-601, the person requesting an ERPO is the petitioner. The following individuals may petition:

Family Members & Intimate Partners:

• Spouse or cohabitant
• Person related by blood, marriage, or adoption
• Person who has a child in common with the respondent
• Current dating or intimate partner
• Current or former legal guardian

Law Enforcement:

• Any law enforcement officer

Health Care Professionals (who have examined the respondent):

• Physicians (including psychiatrists)
• Psychologists
• Clinical social workers
• Licensed clinical professional counselors
• Clinical nurse specialists in psychiatric and mental health nursing
• Psychiatric nurse practitioners
• Licensed clinical marriage or family therapists
• Health officers or designees of health officers

Who Can Be Subject to an ERPO (§ 5-601)

An ERPO may be filed against any person — including a minor — who poses an immediate and present danger of causing personal injury to themselves or others by possessing a firearm. Factors demonstrating possible risk include:

• Alarming behavior and statements
• Unlawful firearm possession
• Reckless or negligent firearm use, display, storage, or brandishing
• Acts or threats of violence to self or others
• Violations of peace or protective orders
• Drug and/or alcohol abuse, or related criminal convictions
• Information contained in health records

Petition Requirements (§ 5-602)

Petitions may be filed with the District Court during business hours, or with a District Court commissioner when the Clerk's office is closed (available 24/7/365). The petition must be signed under penalty of perjury and include:

1. Information demonstrating the respondent poses an immediate and present danger of causing personal injury to themselves, the petitioner, or another person by possessing a firearm
2. Specific facts supporting the danger claim, with an explanation of how the petitioner knows these facts
3. The number, types, and location of any firearms believed to be in the respondent's possession
4. Supporting evidence of any relevant risk factors (listed above)
5. Health information about the respondent (optional, via the Addendum form DC-ERPO-001B, with appropriate disclosure restrictions)

No filing fees are charged for ERPO petitions. Petitioners acting in good faith are immune from civil and criminal liability (§ 5-602). Notably, the statute provides good-faith immunity for those who file an ERPO, but does not explicitly extend the same protection to providers who elect not to file in favor of another course of action (such as an emergency petition or civil commitment).

An attorney is not required to file or respond to an ERPO, though either party may retain legal counsel.

Three-Tier Order System

Maryland's ERPO law establishes three levels of orders with escalating standards of proof and durations:

1. Interim ERPO (§ 5-603)

• Issued by: District Court commissioner (when court is closed)
• Standard: Reasonable grounds to believe the respondent poses an immediate and present danger
• Duration: Effective until the temporary order hearing — no later than the second business day after the District Court Clerk's office opens
• Effect: Respondent must immediately surrender all firearms and ammunition to law enforcement and is prohibited from purchasing or possessing firearms
• Emergency evaluation: If the commissioner finds probable cause for an emergency evaluation based on the ERPO petition and mental health addendum, they are required to refer the respondent to law enforcement for a determination
• Service: Law enforcement must serve the order immediately and electronically notify the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services within 2 hours

2. Temporary ERPO (§ 5-604)

• Issued by: District Court judge (after hearing)
• Standard: Reasonable grounds to believe the respondent poses an immediate and present danger
• Duration: Not more than 7 days after service; may be extended up to 6 months for service completion, protection, or other good cause
• Effect: Same surrender and prohibition requirements as interim orders
• Emergency referral: If probable cause exists that the respondent meets emergency evaluation criteria under Health-General Article Title 10, Subtitle 6 (§ 10-622), the judge is required to refer the respondent for emergency evaluation under a temporary ERPO
• Service: No cost to the petitioner; law enforcement must notify DPSCS within 2 hours electronically

3. Final ERPO (§ 5-605)

• Issued by: District Court judge (after hearing)
• Standard: Clear and convincing evidence that the respondent poses a danger of causing personal injury to themselves or others by possessing a firearm
• Duration: Up to 1 year
• Respondent rights: Must be given opportunity to be heard; may consult counsel, testify, and present evidence; hearing scheduled no later than 7 days after service of temporary order (may be rescheduled up to 30 days on request)
• Effect: Surrender of all firearms and ammunition; prohibition on purchasing or possessing firearms
• Emergency evaluation: A judge is authorized (but not required) to refer the respondent for emergency evaluation under a final ERPO
• Court records considered: Criminal history, family law records, mental health records, and prior protective order proceedings

Modification, Extension, and Appeal (§ 5-606)

• A court may modify or rescind an ERPO after notice to all affected persons and a hearing, using the Petition to Modify/Rescind/Extend form (CC-DC-ERPO-006)
• A judge may extend a final order by 6 months upon showing good cause, after notice and hearing
• If a petitioner files for extension before expiration, the court must hold a hearing within 30 days; the existing order remains in full force until the hearing
• Appeals: Both respondents and petitioners may appeal District Court decisions to the Circuit Court; appeals receive de novo review and must be resolved within 60 days

Search Warrant for Non-Compliance (§ 5-607)

If a respondent subject to an ERPO fails to surrender firearms, a State's Attorney or law enforcement officer may apply for a search warrant with probable cause. The court may issue a warrant authorizing search and removal of firearms at any identified location.

Firearm Surrender Procedures (§ 5-608)

When Served in Person

If a law enforcement officer serves the respondent personally, the respondent must immediately surrender all firearms and ammunition to the officer.

When Served by Mail

If the respondent receives the order by mail, they must contact the designated law enforcement agency and arrange for immediate surrender. The following steps must be followed when transporting firearms:

1. Notify the law enforcement unit, barracks, or station that the firearm is being transported in accordance with the ERPO
2. Ensure the firearm is unloaded
3. Transport the firearm directly to the law enforcement unit, barracks, or station
4. Carry a copy of the ERPO that requires surrender when transporting
5. Comply with the law enforcement agency's delivery instructions

Each firearm and ammunition must be surrendered to the designated law enforcement agency for the county or city where the ERPO was issued. Contact information for the designated agency is included with the order.

Custody Requirements

• Law enforcement must issue a receipt identifying each firearm by make, model, and serial number
• Firearms must be transported and stored in a protective case (when available) in a manner designed to prevent damage
• Marking firearms for identification is prohibited
• Respondent must be informed of reclaiming procedures

Firearm Return (§ 5-608)

When an ERPO terminates or expires, the custodial law enforcement agency:

1. Notifies the respondent that they may request return of firearms and ammunition
2. Verifies the respondent is not otherwise legally prohibited from possessing firearms
3. Returns the firearms and ammunition within the following timelines:

Alternative disposition options:

• Respondent may elect to sell or transfer firearms to a licensed dealer or eligible third party
• Respondent may request destruction of firearms
• Third parties claiming ownership may obtain return upon proof of ownership and verification of legal eligibility
• Unclaimed firearms may be destroyed after 6 months

Penalties for Violations (§§ 5-609, 5-610)

Violating any ERPO (interim, temporary, or final) is a misdemeanor:

Additional consequences:

• Temporary and final order violations may result in a finding of contempt
• Law enforcement shall arrest (with or without a warrant) any person they have probable cause to believe is violating an active ERPO (§ 5-610(b))

Confidentiality (§ 5-602)

All court records relating to ERPO proceedings are confidential and the contents may not be divulged, by subpoena or otherwise, except by order of the court on good cause. A reference to the court record will not be included on the Judiciary's Case Search.

The following parties have access:

• Personnel of the court
• The respondent or counsel for the respondent
• Authorized personnel of the Maryland Department of Health
• Authorized personnel of a local core service agency or local behavioral health authority
• Law enforcement agencies
• A person authorized by a court order for good cause shown

Relationship to Other Firearms Restriction Laws

Maryland's ERPO law operates alongside several other statutory mechanisms that restrict firearms possession. Understanding these related provisions is important for concealed carry permit holders:

Categorical Firearms Prohibitions (§ 5-133)

Under MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-133, the following categories of individuals are indefinitely prohibited from possessing regulated firearms:

• Persons involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital
• Persons voluntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital for more than 30 consecutive days
• Persons found incompetent to stand trial
• Persons found not criminally responsible
• Persons placed under a guardianship order for mental incapacity (including guardianship of property)
• Persons who suffer from a mental disorder and have a history of violent behavior against self or others

These prohibitions are distinct from ERPOs — they are indefinite rather than temporary, and are triggered by predicate events rather than a petition process. Individuals subject to these restrictions may petition for relief through the Maryland Department of Health, Office of Court Ordered Evaluation and Placement.

Emergency Petitions (Health-General § 10-622)

An emergency petition ("EP") under Health-General § 10-622 addresses situations where a person has a mental disorder and presents a danger to life or safety. While firearms may be seized by police during service of an EP, the ERPO provides a more structured and durable mechanism — patients released from emergency evaluation after an EP may immediately request return of weapons unless an ERPO or other restriction is in place.

Ammunition Prohibition (§ 5-133.1)

Under MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-133.1, a person prohibited from possessing a regulated firearm is also prohibited from possessing ammunition.

Impact on Concealed Carry Permit Holders

Maryland concealed carry (Wear and Carry) permit holders should understand the following intersections:

• Under MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-306, a Wear and Carry Permit applicant must not exhibit a "propensity for violence or instability" — an active or past ERPO could be considered evidence of such propensity
• An active ERPO prohibits possession of all firearms and ammunition, which makes lawful concealed carry impossible for the duration of the order
• Under MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-118, respondents subject to certain protective orders are prohibited from possessing regulated firearms
• Under MD Public Safety Code Ann. § 5-133, persons convicted of violating an ERPO may face additional firearms possession prohibitions
• Maryland does not recognize concealed carry permits from any other state — there is no reciprocity

Federal Funding and Implementation Support

Maryland's ERPO program is supported by federal funding through the Byrne State Crisis Intervention Program (Byrne SCIP), authorized by the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act of 2022 (Pub. L. No. 117-159). This formula-based funding, administered in Maryland by the Governor's Office of Crime Prevention, Youth, and Victim Services (GOCPYVS), supports:

• ERPO program implementation and operations
• Training for those implementing ERPO programs
• Communication, education, and public awareness initiatives
• Law enforcement agencies' costs to safely secure, store, track, and return relinquished firearms

Implementation and Effectiveness

Maryland has been one of the most active states in ERPO utilization since enactment:

• 114 petitions were filed in the first month alone (October 2018), with Maryland showing both a higher petition rate and a higher denial rate than other states in early data
• In 2020, Maryland recorded 476 ERPO petitions, making it one of the highest-usage states nationally
• Of early petitions, only one was identified as being filed by a clinician, despite health professionals being eligible petitioners
• Research at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Gun Policy and Research Center has been tracking ERPO usage and outcomes in Maryland

Research on similar laws nationally suggests effectiveness in reducing firearm deaths:

• Connecticut's 1999 Risk-Based Gun Removal Law (the oldest such law in the U.S.) was estimated to have saved 1 life for every 10.6 guns seized
• Indiana's red flag law was estimated to have reduced firearm suicides by 7.5% over 10 years, without an increase in suicides by other means

Practical Considerations

• Petition forms are available online from the Maryland Courts: the Petition for ERPO (DC-ERPO-001) and the optional mental health addendum (DC-ERPO-001B)
• Petitioners must appear at hearings — health professionals should be prepared to testify at up to three hearings (interim, temporary, and final)
• An ERPO is filed at the District Court (clerk during business hours, commissioner after hours) — not at a police station
• In practice, since the ERPO law took effect, some law enforcement agencies have directed families seeking firearm removal during emergency petitions to pursue the ERPO process instead of removing firearms under EP authority

Court Forms

Note: This section covers Maryland law as codified through the 2025 legislative session. Permit holders should monitor the Maryland General Assembly (mgaleg.maryland.gov) for pending legislation and consult the full statutory text at MD Code, Public Safety §§ 5-601 through 5-610 or seek legal counsel for the most current information.